Genesis 41:50-52

41:50 Two sons were born to Joseph before the famine came. ¹  Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, was their mother. ²  41:51 Joseph named the firstborn Manasseh, ³  saying, ⁴  “Certainly ⁵  God has made me forget all my trouble and all my father’s house.” 41:52 He named the second child Ephraim, ⁶  saying, ⁷  “Certainly ⁸  God has made me fruitful in the land of my suffering.”

Genesis 46:20

46:20 Manasseh and Ephraim were born to Joseph in the land of Egypt. Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, ⁹  bore them to him.

Joshua 13:7

13:7 Now, divide up this land ¹⁰  among the nine tribes and the half-tribe of Manasseh.”

Joshua 14:4

14:4 The descendants of Joseph were considered as two tribes, Manasseh and Ephraim. The Levites were allotted no territory, though they were assigned cities in which to live, along with the grazing areas for their cattle and possessions. ¹¹ 

Joshua 16:1--17:18

Joseph’s Tribal Lands

16:1 The land allotted to Joseph’s descendants extended from the Jordan at Jericho ¹²  to the waters of Jericho to the east, through the desert and on up from Jericho into the hill country of Bethel. ¹³  16:2 The southern border ¹⁴  extended from Bethel to Luz, ¹⁵  and crossed to Arkite territory at Ataroth. 16:3 It then descended westward to Japhletite territory, as far as the territory of lower Beth Horon and Gezer, and ended at the sea.

16:4 Joseph’s descendants, Manasseh and Ephraim, were assigned their land. ¹⁶  16:5 The territory of the tribe of Ephraim by its clans included the following: ¹⁷  The border of their assigned land to the east was Ataroth Addar as far as upper Beth Horon. 16:6 It then extended on to the sea, with Micmethath on the north. It turned eastward to Taanath Shiloh and crossed it on the east to Janoah. 16:7 It then descended from Janoah to Ataroth and Naarah, touched Jericho, ¹⁸  and extended to the Jordan River. ¹⁹  16:8 From Tappuah it went westward to the Valley of Kanah and ended at the sea. This is the land assigned to the tribe of Ephraim ²⁰  by its clans. 16:9 Also included were the cities set apart for the tribe of Ephraim within Manasseh’s territory, along with their towns. ²¹ 

16:10 The Ephraimites ²²  did not conquer the Canaanites living in Gezer. The Canaanites live among the Ephraimites to this very day and do hard labor as their servants.

17:1 The tribe of Manasseh, Joseph’s firstborn son, was also allotted land. ²³  The descendants of Makir, Manasseh’s firstborn and the father of Gilead, received land, for they were warriors. ²⁴  They were assigned Gilead and Bashan. ²⁵  17:2 The rest of Manasseh’s descendants were also assigned land ²⁶  by their clans, including the descendants of Abiezer, Helek, Asriel, Shechem, Hepher, and Shemida. These are the male descendants of Manasseh son of Joseph by their clans.

17:3 Now Zelophehad son of Hepher, son of Gilead, son of Makir, son of Manasseh, had no sons, only daughters. These are the names of his daughters: Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah. 17:4 They went before Eleazar the priest, Joshua son of Nun, and the leaders and said, “The Lord told Moses to assign us land among our relatives.” ²⁷  So Joshua ²⁸  assigned them land among their uncles, as the Lord had commanded. ²⁹  17:5 Manasseh was allotted ten shares of land, ³⁰  in addition to the land of Gilead and Bashan east of the Jordan, 17:6 for the daughters of Manasseh were assigned land among his sons. The land of Gilead belonged to the rest of the descendants of Manasseh.

17:7 The border of Manasseh went ³¹  from Asher to Micmethath which is near ³²  Shechem. It then went south toward those who live in Tappuah. 17:8 (The land of Tappuah belonged to Manasseh, but Tappuah, located on the border of Manasseh, belonged to the tribe of Ephraim.) 17:9 The border then descended southward to the Valley of Kanah. Ephraim was assigned cities there among the cities of Manasseh, ³³  but the border of Manasseh was north of the valley and ended at the sea. 17:10 Ephraim’s territory was to the south, and Manasseh’s to the north. The sea was Manasseh’s ³⁴  western border and their territory ³⁵  touched Asher on the north and Issachar on the east. 17:11 Within Issachar’s and Asher’s territory Manasseh was assigned Beth Shean, Ibleam, the residents of Dor, En Dor, the residents of Taanach, the residents of Megiddo, ³⁶  the three of Napheth, ³⁷  and the towns surrounding all these cities. ³⁸  17:12 But the men ³⁹  of Manasseh were unable to conquer these cities; the Canaanites managed ⁴⁰  to remain in those areas. 17:13 Whenever the Israelites were strong militarily, they forced the Canaanites to do hard labor, but they never totally conquered them. ⁴¹ 

17:14 The descendants of Joseph said to Joshua, “Why have you assigned us only one tribal allotment? After all, we have many people, for until now the Lord has enabled us to increase in number.” ⁴²  17:15 Joshua replied to them, “Since you have so many people, ⁴³  go up into the forest and clear out a place to live in the land of the Perizzites and Rephaites, for the hill country of Ephraim is too small for you.” 17:16 The descendants of Joseph said, “The whole hill country ⁴⁴  is inadequate for us, and the Canaanites living down in the valley in Beth Shean and its surrounding towns and in the Valley of Jezreel have chariots with iron-rimmed wheels.” ⁴⁵  17:17 Joshua said to the family ⁴⁶  of Joseph – to both Ephraim and Manasseh: “You have many people and great military strength. You will not have just one tribal allotment. 17:18 The whole hill country ⁴⁷  will be yours; though it is a forest, you can clear it and it will be entirely yours. ⁴⁸  You can conquer the Canaanites, though they have chariots with iron-rimmed wheels and are strong.”

[41:50]  ¹ tn Heb “before the year of the famine came.”

[41:50]  ² tn Heb “gave birth for him.”

[41:51]  ³ sn The name Manasseh (מְנַשֶּׁה, mÿnasheh) describes God’s activity on behalf of Joseph, explaining in general the significance of his change of fortune. The name is a Piel participle, suggesting the meaning “he who brings about forgetfulness.” The Hebrew verb נַשַּׁנִי (nashani) may have been used instead of the normal נִשַּׁנִי (nishani) to provide a closer sound play with the name. The giving of this Hebrew name to his son shows that Joseph retained his heritage and faith; and it shows that a brighter future was in store for him.

[41:51]  ⁴ tn The word “saying” has been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[41:51]  ⁵ tn Or “for.”

[41:52]  ⁶ sn The name Ephraim (אֶפְרַיִם, ’efrayim), a form of the Hebrew verb פָּרָה (parah), means “to bear fruit.” The theme of fruitfulness is connected with this line of the family from Rachel (30:2) on down (see Gen 49:22, Deut 33:13-17, and Hos 13:15). But there is some difficulty with the name “Ephraim” itself. It appears to be a dual, for which F. Delitzsch simply said it meant “double fruitfulness” (New Commentary on Genesis, 2:305). G. J. Spurrell suggested it was a diphthongal pronunciation of a name ending in -an or -am, often thought to be dual suffixes (Notes on the text of the book of Genesis, 334). Many, however, simply connect the name to the territory of Ephraim and interpret it to be “fertile land” (C. Fontinoy, “Les noms de lieux en -ayim dans la Bible,” UF 3 [1971]: 33-40). The dual would then be an old locative ending. There is no doubt that the name became attached to the land in which the tribe settled, and it is possible that is where the dual ending came from, but in this story it refers to Joseph’s God-given fruitfulness.

[41:52]  ⁷ tn The word “saying” has been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[41:52]  ⁸ tn Or “for.”

[46:20]  ⁹ sn On is another name for the city of Heliopolis.

[13:7]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “now apportion this land as an inheritance.”

[14:4]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and they did not assign a portion to the Levites in the land, except cities [in which] to live and their pastures for their cattle and property.”

[16:1]  ¹² map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.

[16:1]  ¹³ tn Heb “The lot went out to the sons of Joseph from the Jordan [at] Jericho to the waters of Jericho to the east, the desert going up from Jericho into the hill country of Bethel.”

[16:2]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “it”; the referent (the southern border) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[16:2]  ¹⁵ tn In the Hebrew text the place name “Luz” has the directive ending, indicating that the border went from Bethel to Luz. Elsewhere Luz and Bethel appear to be names for the same site (cf. Judg 1:23), but here they appear to be distinct. Note that the NIV translates “from Bethel (that is, Luz)” here, following the reading of the LXX, εἰς Βαιθηλ Λουζα (eis Baiqhl Louza, “from Bethel [Luz]”).

[16:4]  ¹⁶ tn Or “received their inheritance.”

[16:5]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “The territory of the sons of Ephraim was for their clans.”

[16:7]  ¹⁸ map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.

[16:7]  ¹⁹ tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[16:8]  ²⁰ tn Heb “This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Ephraim.”

[16:9]  ²¹ tn Heb “and the cities set apart for the sons of Ephraim in the midst of the inheritance of the sons of Manasseh, all the cities and their towns.”

[16:10]  ²² tn Heb “they”; the referent (the Ephraimites) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[17:1]  ²³ tn Heb “and the lot belonged to the tribe of Manasseh, for he was the firstborn of Joseph.”

[17:1]  ²⁴ tn Heb “to Makir, the firstborn of Manasseh, the father of Gilead, for he was a man of war.”

[17:1]  ²⁵ tn Heb “Gilead and Bashan belonged to him.”

[17:2]  ²⁶ tn Heb “and it belonged to the sons of Manasseh who remained.”

[17:4]  ²⁷ tn Heb “The Lord commanded Moses to assign to us an inheritance in the midst of our brothers.” Since Zelophehad had no sons, “brothers” must refer to their uncles, as the next sentence makes clear.

[17:4]  ²⁸ tn Heb “he.” The referent is probably Joshua, although Eleazar is mentioned first in the preceding list.

[17:4]  ²⁹ tn Heb “and he assigned to them in accordance with the mouth [i.e., command] of the Lord an inheritance in the midst of the brothers of their father.”

[17:5]  ³⁰ tn Heb “and the allotted portions of Manasseh fell out ten.”

[17:7]  ³¹ tn Heb “was.”

[17:7]  ³² tn Heb “in front of”; perhaps “east of.”

[17:9]  ³³ tn Heb “these cities belonged to Ephraim in the midst of the cities of Manasseh.”

[17:10]  ³⁴ tn Heb “his”; the referent (Manasseh) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[17:10]  ³⁵ tn Heb “they”; the referent (their territory) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[17:11]  ³⁶ map For location see Map1 D4; Map2 C1; Map4 C2; Map5 F2; Map7 B1.

[17:11]  ³⁷ tn Or “the third [is] Napheth”; or “Napheth-dor.” The meaning of the Hebrew phrase is uncertain.

[17:11]  ³⁸ tn Heb “Beth Shean and its surrounding towns, Ibleam and its surrounding towns, the residents of Dor and its surrounding towns, the residents of En Dor and its surrounding towns, the residents of Taanach and its surrounding towns, the residents of Megiddo and its surrounding towns, three of Nepheth.”

[17:12]  ³⁹ tn Heb “sons”; “men” has been used in the translation because the context involves the conquest of cities; therefore, warriors (hence males) would be in view here.

[17:12]  ⁴⁰ tn Or “were determined.”

[17:13]  ⁴¹ sn On the Israelites’ failure to conquer the Canaanites completely, see Judg 1:27-28.

[17:14]  ⁴² tn Heb “Why have you given me as an inheritance one lot and one portion, though I am a great people until [the time] which, until now the Lord has blessed me?” The construction עַד אֲשֶׁר־עַד־כֹּה (’ad-’asher-’ad-koh, “until [the time] which, until now”) is extremely awkward. An emendation of the first עַד (’ad) to עַל (’al) yields a more likely reading: “for until now” (see HALOT 2:787).

[17:15]  ⁴³ tn Heb “If you are a great people.”

[17:16]  ⁴⁴ tn The Hebrew text has simply “the hill country,” which must here include the hill country of Ephraim and the forest regions mentioned in v. 15.

[17:16]  ⁴⁵ tn Heb “and there are iron chariots among all the Canaanites who live in the land of the valley, to those who are in Beth Shean and its daughters and to those who are in the Valley of Jezreel.” Regarding the translation “chariots with iron-rimmed wheels” see Y. Yadin, The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands, 255 and R. Drews, “The ‘Chariots of Iron’ of Joshua and Judges,” JSOT 45 (1989): 15-23.

[17:17]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “house.”

[17:18]  ⁴⁷ tn The Hebrew text has simply “the hill country,” which must here include the hill country of Ephraim and the forest regions mentioned in v. 15.

[17:18]  ⁴⁸ tn Heb “and its limits will be yours.”