Genesis 6:13

6:13 So God said ¹  to Noah, “I have decided that all living creatures must die, ²  for the earth is filled with violence because of them. Now I am about to destroy ³  them and the earth.

Genesis 19:15

19:15 At dawn ⁴  the angels hurried Lot along, saying, “Get going! Take your wife and your two daughters who are here, ⁵  or else you will be destroyed when the city is judged!” ⁶ 

Genesis 19:20

19:20 Look, this town ⁷  over here is close enough to escape to, and it’s just a little one. ⁸  Let me go there. ⁹  It’s just a little place, isn’t it? ¹⁰  Then I’ll survive.” ¹¹ 

Genesis 30:32

30:32 Let me walk among ¹²  all your flocks today and remove from them every speckled or spotted sheep, every dark-colored lamb, ¹³  and the spotted or speckled goats. ¹⁴  These animals will be my wages. ¹⁵ 

Genesis 31:13

31:13 I am the God of Bethel, ¹⁶  where you anointed ¹⁷  the sacred stone and made a vow to me. ¹⁸  Now leave this land immediately ¹⁹  and return to your native land.’”

Genesis 44:4

44:4 They had not gone very far from the city ²⁰  when Joseph said ²¹  to the servant who was over his household, “Pursue the men at once! ²²  When you overtake ²³  them, say to them, ‘Why have you repaid good with evil?

Genesis 48:4

48:4 He said to me, ‘I am going to make you fruitful ²⁴  and will multiply you. ²⁵  I will make you into a group of nations, and I will give this land to your descendants ²⁶  as an everlasting possession.’ ²⁷ 

[6:13]  ¹ sn On the divine style utilized here, see R. Lapointe, “The Divine Monologue as a Channel of Revelation,” CBQ 32 (1970): 161-81.

[6:13]  ² tn Heb “the end of all flesh is coming [or “has come”] before me.” (The verb form is either a perfect or a participle.) The phrase “end of all flesh” occurs only here. The term “end” refers here to the end of “life,” as v. 3 and the following context (which describes how God destroys all flesh) make clear. The statement “the end has come” occurs in Ezek 7:2, 6, where it is used of divine judgment. The phrase “come before” occurs in Exod 28:30, 35; 34:34; Lev 15:14; Num 27:17; 1 Sam 18:13, 16; 2 Sam 19:8; 20:8; 1 Kgs 1:23, 28, 32; Ezek 46:9; Pss 79:11 (groans come before God); 88:3 (a prayer comes before God); 100:2; 119:170 (prayer comes before God); Lam 1:22 (evil doing comes before God); Esth 1:19; 8:1; 9:25; 1 Chr 16:29. The expression often means “have an audience with” or “appear before.” But when used metaphorically, it can mean “get the attention of” or “prompt a response.” This is probably the sense in Gen 6:13. The necessity of ending the life of all flesh on earth is an issue that has gotten the attention of God. The term “end” may even be a metonymy for that which has prompted it – violence (see the following clause).

[6:13]  ³ tn The participle, especially after הִנֵּה (hinneh) has an imminent future nuance. The Hiphil of שָׁחָת (shakhat) here has the sense “to destroy” (in judgment). Note the wordplay involving this verb in vv. 11-13: The earth is “ruined” because all flesh has acted in a morally “corrupt” manner. Consequently, God will “destroy” all flesh (the referent of the suffix “them”) along with the ruined earth. They had ruined themselves and the earth with violence, and now God would ruin them with judgment. For other cases where “earth” occurs as the object of the Hiphil of שָׁחָת, see 1 Sam 6:5; 1 Chr 20:1; Jer 36:29; 51:25.

[19:15]  ⁴ tn Heb “When dawn came up.”

[19:15]  ⁵ tn Heb “who are found.” The wording might imply he had other daughters living in the city, but the text does not explicitly state this.

[19:15]  ⁶ tn Or “with the iniquity [i.e., punishment] of the city” (cf. NASB, NRSV).

[19:20]  ⁷ tn The Hebrew word עִיר (’ir) can refer to either a city or a town, depending on the size of the place. Given that this place was described by Lot later in this verse as a “little place,” the translation uses “town.”

[19:20]  ⁸ tn Heb “Look, this town is near to flee to there. And it is little.”

[19:20]  ⁹ tn Heb “Let me escape to there.” The cohortative here expresses Lot’s request.

[19:20]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “Is it not little?”

[19:20]  ¹¹ tn Heb “my soul will live.” After the cohortative the jussive with vav conjunctive here indicates purpose/result.

[30:32]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “pass through.”

[30:32]  ¹¹ tn Or “every black lamb”; Heb “and every dark sheep among the lambs.”

[30:32]  ¹² tn Heb “and the spotted and speckled among the goats.”

[30:32]  ¹³ tn Heb “and it will be my wage.” The referent collective singular pronoun (“it) has been specified as “these animals” in the translation for clarity.

[31:13]  ¹³ map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.

[31:13]  ¹⁴ sn You anointed the sacred stone. In Gen 28:18 the text simply reported that Jacob poured oil on top of the stone. Now that pouring is interpreted by the Lord as an anointing. Jacob had consecrated the place.

[31:13]  ¹⁵ sn And made a vow to me. The second clause reminds Jacob of the vow he made to the Lord when he anointed the stone (Gen 28:20-22). God is now going to take him back to the land, and so he will have to fulfill his vow.

[31:13]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “arise, leave!” The first imperative draws attention to the need for immediate action.

[44:4]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “they left the city, they were not far,” meaning “they had not gone very far.”

[44:4]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “and Joseph said.” This clause, like the first one in the verse, has the subject before the verb, indicating synchronic action.

[44:4]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “arise, chase after the men.” The first imperative gives the command a sense of urgency.

[44:4]  ¹⁹ tn After the imperative this perfect verbal form with vav consecutive has the same nuance of instruction. In the translation it is subordinated to the verbal form that follows (also a perfect with vav consecutive): “and overtake them and say,” becomes “when you overtake them, say.”

[48:4]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “Look, I am making you fruitful.” The participle following הִנֵּה (hinneh) has the nuance of a certain and often imminent future.

[48:4]  ²⁰ tn The perfect verbal form with vav consecutive carries on the certain future idea.

[48:4]  ²¹ tn The Hebrew text adds “after you,” which has not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[48:4]  ²² tn The Hebrew word אֲחֻזָּה (’akhuzzah), translated “possession,” describes a permanent holding in the land. It is the noun form of the same verb (אָחַז, ’akhaz) that was used for the land given to them in Goshen (Gen 47:27).