Hosea 12:10

12:10 I spoke to the prophets;

I myself revealed many visions; ¹ 

I spoke in parables ²  through ³  the prophets.”

Hosea 2:8

Agricultural Fertility Withdrawn from Israel

2:8 Yet ⁴  until now ⁵  she has refused to acknowledge ⁶  that I ⁷  was the one

who gave her the grain, the new wine, and the olive oil;

and that it was I who ⁸  lavished on her the silver and gold –

which they ⁹  used in worshiping Baal! ¹⁰ 

[12:10]  ¹ tn Heb “I myself multiplied vision[s]”; cf. NASB “I gave numerous visions.”

[12:10]  ² tn There is debate whether אֲדַמֶּה (’adammeh, Piel imperfect 1st person common singular) is derived from I דָמָה (damah, “similitude, parable”) or II דָמָה (“oracle of doom”). The lexicons favor the former (BDB 198 s.v. I דָּמָה 1; HALOT 225-26 s.v. I דמה). Most translators favor “parables” (cf. KJV, RSV, NASB, NIV, NJPS), but a few opt for “oracles of doom” (cf. NRSV, TEV, CEV).

[12:10]  ³ tn Heb “by the hand of”; KJV, ASV “by the ministry of.”

[2:8]  ⁴ tn Or “For” (so KJV, NASB); or “But” (so NCV).

[2:8]  ⁵ tn The phrase “until now” does not appear in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for the sake of clarity and smoothness.

[2:8]  ⁶ tn Heb “she does not know” (so NASB, NCV); or “she does not acknowledge.”

[2:8]  ⁷ tn The 1st person common singular independent personal pronoun אָנֹכִי (’anokhi, “I”) is emphatic, since the subject of this verbal clause is already explicit in the verb נָתַתִּי (natatti, Qal perfect 1st person common singular: “I gave”).

[2:8]  ⁸ tn The phrase “that it was I who” does not appear in the Hebrew text here, but is supplied in the translation for the sake of clarity.

[2:8]  ⁹ sn The third person plural here is an obvious reference to the Israelites who had been unfaithful to the Lord in spite of all that he had done for them. To maintain the imagery of Israel as the prostitute, a third person feminine singular would be called for; in the interest of literary consistency this has been supplied in some English translations (e.g., NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT).

[2:8]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “for Baal” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV); cf. TEV “in the worship of Baal.”