Hosea 4:11

Judgment of Pagan Idolatry and Cultic Prostitution

4:11 Old and new wine

take away the understanding of my people. ¹ 

Hosea 7:2

7:2 They do not realize ² 

that I remember all of their wicked deeds.

Their evil deeds have now surrounded them;

their sinful deeds are always before me. ³ 

Hosea 9:9

The Best of Times, the Worst of Times

9:9 They have sunk deep into corruption ⁴ 

as in the days of Gibeah.

He will remember their wrongdoing.

He will repay them for their sins.

Hosea 13:6

13:6 When they were fed, ⁵  they became satisfied;

when they were satisfied, they became proud; ⁶ 

as a result, they forgot me!

Hosea 7:6

7:6 They approach him, all the while plotting against him.

Their hearts are like an oven;

their anger smolders all night long,

but in the morning it bursts into a flaming fire.

Hosea 10:2

10:2 Their heart is slipping;

soon they will be punished for their guilt.

The Lord ⁷  will break their altars;

he will completely destroy their fertility pillars.

Hosea 4:6

4:6 You have destroyed ⁸  my people

by failing to acknowledge me!

Because you refuse to acknowledge me, ⁹ 

I will reject you as my priests.

Because you reject ¹⁰  the law of your God,

I will reject ¹¹  your descendants.

Hosea 8:13

8:13 They offer up sacrificial gifts to me,

and eat the meat,

but the Lord does not accept their sacrifices. ¹² 

Soon he will remember their wrongdoing,

he will punish their sins,

and they will return to Egypt.

[4:11]  ¹ tn Heb “take away the heart of my people.” The present translation assumes that the first word of v. 12 in the Hebrew text is to be construed with the noun at the end of v. 11 (so also TEV, CEV, NLT).

[7:2]  ² tn Heb “and they do not say in their heart”; TEV “It never enters their heads.”

[7:2]  ³ tn Heb “they [the sinful deeds] are before my face” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV); NCV “they are right in front of me.”

[9:9]  ³ tn Or more literally, “they are deeply corrupted.” The two verbs הֶעְמִיקוּ־שִׁחֵתוּ (he’miqu-shikhetu; literally, “they have made deep, they act corruptly”) are coordinated without a conjunction vav to form a verbal hendiadys: the second verb represents the main idea, while the first functions adverbially (GKC 386-87 §120.g). Here Gesenius suggests “they are deeply/radically corrupted.” Several translations mirror the syntax of this hendiadys: “They have deeply corrupted themselves” (KJV, ASV, NRSV), “They have been grievously corrupt” (NJPS), and “They are hopelessly evil” (TEV). Others reverse the syntax for the sake of a more graphic English idiom: “They have gone deep in depravity” (NASB) and “They have sunk deep into corruption” (NIV). Some translations fail to represent the hendiadys at all: “You are brutal and corrupt” (CEV). The translation “They are deeply corrupted” mirrors the Hebrew syntax, but “They have sunk deep into corruption” is a more graphic English idiom and is preferred here (cf. NAB “They have sunk to the depths of corruption”).

[13:6]  ⁴ tc The MT reads כְּמַרְעִיתָם (kÿmar’itam, “according to their pasturage”; preposition כְּ (kaf) + noun מַרְעִית, mar’it, “pasture” + 3rd person masculine plural suffix). Text-critics propose: (1) כְּמוֹ רְעִיתִים (kÿmo rÿ’itim, “as I pastured them”; preposition כְּמוֹ (kÿmo) + Qal perfect 1st person common singular from רָעַה, ra’ah, “to pasture, feed” + 3rd person masculine plural suffix) and (2) כִּרְעוֹתָם (“when they had pastured”; preposition כְּ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural from רָעַה). Some English versions follow the MT: “according to their pasture” (KJV), “as they had their pasture” (NASB), “when you entered the good land” (TEV). Others adopt the first emendation: “when I fed them” (NIV, NRSV), “I fed you [sic = them]” (CEV). Still others follow the second emendation: “but when they had fed to the full” (RSV), “when they grazed” (NJPS).

[13:6]  ⁵ tn Heb “their heart became exalted”; KJV, ASV “was exalted.”

[10:2]  ⁵ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[4:6]  ⁶ tn Heb “they have destroyed” or “my people are destroyed” (so KJV, NIV, NRSV).

[4:6]  ⁷ tn Heb “Because you reject knowledge”; NLT “because they don’t know me.”

[4:6]  ⁸ tn Heb “have forgotten”; NAB, NIV “have ignored.”

[4:6]  ⁹ tn Heb “forget” (so KJV, NRSV); NLT “forget to bless.”

[8:13]  ⁷ tn Heb “does not accept them”; the referent (their sacrifices) has been specified in the translation for clarity.