Hosea 9:2

9:2 Threshing floors and wine vats will not feed the people, ¹ 

and new wine only deceives them. ² 

Hosea 13:3

13:3 Therefore they will disappear like ³  the morning mist, ⁴ 

like early morning dew that evaporates, ⁵ 

like chaff that is blown away ⁶  from a threshing floor,

like smoke that disappears through an open window.

Hosea 9:1

Fertility Cult Festivals Have Intoxicated Israel

9:1 O Israel, do not rejoice jubilantly ⁷  like the nations,

for you are unfaithful ⁸  to your God.

You love to receive a prostitute's wages ⁹ 

on all the floors where you thresh your grain.

[9:2]  ¹ tn Heb “them”; the referent (the people) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[9:2]  ² tn Heb “her” (so KJV, ASV). This is taken as a collective singular (so also most modern English versions).

[13:3]  ³ tn Heb “they will be like” (so NASB, NIV).

[13:3]  ⁴ tn The phrase כְּעֲנַן־בֹּקֶר (kÿ’anan-boqer, “like a cloud of the morning”) occurs also in Hos 6:4 in a similar simile. The Hebrew poets and prophets refer to morning clouds as a simile for transitoriness (Job 7:9; Isa 44:22; Hos 6:4; 13:3; HALOT 858 s.v. עָנָן 1.b; BDB 778 s.v. עָנָן 1.c).

[13:3]  ⁵ tn Heb “like the early rising dew that goes away”; TEV “like the dew that vanishes early in the day.”

[13:3]  ⁶ tn Heb “storm-driven away”; KJV, ASV “driven with the whirlwind out.” The verb יְסֹעֵר (yÿso’er, Poel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular from סָעַר, sa’ar, “to storm”) often refers to the intense action of strong, raging storm winds (e.g., Jonah 1:11, 13). The related nouns refer to “heavy gale,” “storm wind,” and “high wind” (BDB 704 s.v. סָעַר; HALOT 762 s.v. סער). The verb is used figuratively to describe the intensity of God’s destruction of the wicked whom he will “blow away” (Isa 54:11; Hos 13:3; Hab 3:14; Zech 7:14; BDB 704 s.v.; HALOT 762 s.v.).

[9:1]  ⁵ tn Heb “do not rejoice unto jubilation”; KJV “Rejoice not…for joy”; NASB “Do not rejoice…with exultation.”

[9:1]  ⁶ tn Heb “you have committed adultery”; NRSV “you have played the whore.”

[9:1]  ⁷ tn Heb “you love the wages of the prostitute” (NIV similar); NAB “loving a harlot’s hire.”