

[1:22] 1 tn The pronoun is feminine singular; personified Jerusalem (see v. 21) is addressed.
[1:22] 2 tn Or “dross.” The word refers to the scum or impurites floating on the top of melted metal.
[1:22] 3 sn The metaphors of silver becoming impure and beer being watered down picture the moral and ethical degeneration that had occurred in Jerusalem.
[12:3] 4 tn Or “salvation” (so many English versions, e.g., KJV, NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT); CEV “victory.”
[19:5] 7 tn Heb “will dry up and be dry.” Two synonyms are joined for emphasis.