Isaiah 1:22

1:22 Your ¹  silver has become scum, ² 

your beer is diluted with water. ³ 

Isaiah 13:7

13:7 For this reason all hands hang limp, ⁴ 

every human heart loses its courage. ⁵ 

Isaiah 24:12

24:12 The city is left in ruins; ⁶ 

the gate is reduced to rubble. ⁷ 

Isaiah 28:3

28:3 The splendid crown of Ephraim’s drunkards

will be trampled underfoot.

Isaiah 32:16

32:16 Justice will settle down in the desert

and fairness will live in the orchard. ⁸ 

Isaiah 51:21

51:21 So listen to this, oppressed one,

who is drunk, but not from wine!

[1:22]  ¹ tn The pronoun is feminine singular; personified Jerusalem (see v. 21) is addressed.

[1:22]  ² tn Or “dross.” The word refers to the scum or impurites floating on the top of melted metal.

[1:22]  ³ sn The metaphors of silver becoming impure and beer being watered down picture the moral and ethical degeneration that had occurred in Jerusalem.

[13:7]  ⁴ tn Heb “drop”; KJV “be faint”; ASV “be feeble”; NAB “fall helpless.”

[13:7]  ⁵ tn Heb “melts” (so NAB).

[24:12]  ⁷ tn Heb “and there is left in the city desolation.”

[24:12]  ⁸ tn Heb “and [into] rubble the gate is crushed.”

[32:16]  ¹⁰ sn This new era of divine blessing will also include a moral/ethical transformation, as justice and fairness fill the land and replace the social injustice so prevalent in Isaiah’s time.