Isaiah 17:9-11

17:9 At that time ¹  their fortified cities will be

like the abandoned summits of the Amorites, ² 

which they abandoned because of the Israelites;

there will be desolation.

17:10 For you ignore ³  the God who rescues you;

you pay no attention to your strong protector. ⁴ 

So this is what happens:

You cultivate beautiful plants

and plant exotic vines. ⁵ 

17:11 The day you begin cultivating, you do what you can to make it grow; ⁶ 

the morning you begin planting, you do what you can to make it sprout.

Yet the harvest will disappear ⁷  in the day of disease

and incurable pain.

[17:9]  ¹ tn Heb “in that day” (so KJV).

[17:9]  ² tn The Hebrew text reads literally, “like the abandonment of the wooded height and the top one.” The following relative clause appears to allude back to the Israelite conquest of the land, so it seems preferable to emend הַחֹרֶשׁ וְהָאָמִיר (hakhoresh vÿha’amir, “the wooded height and the top one”) to חֹרֵשֵׁי הָאֱמֹרִי (khoreshe ha’emori, “[like the abandonment] of the wooded heights of the Amorites”).

[17:10]  ³ tn Heb “you have forgotten” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV).

[17:10]  ⁴ tn Heb “and the rocky cliff of your strength you do not remember.”

[17:10]  ⁵ tn Heb “a vine, a strange one.” The substantival adjective זָר (zar) functions here as an appositional genitive. It could refer to a cultic plant of some type, associated with a pagan rite. But it is more likely that it refers to an exotic, or imported, type of vine, one that is foreign (i.e., “strange”) to Israel.

[17:11]  ⁶ tn Heb “in the day of your planting you [?].” The precise meaning of the verb תְּשַׂגְשֵׂגִי (tÿsagsegi) is unclear. It is sometimes derived from שׂוּג/סוּג (sug, “to fence in”; see BDB 691 s.v. II סוּג). In this case one could translate “you build a protective fence.” However, the parallelism is tighter if one derives the form from שָׂגָא/שָׂגָה (saga’/sagah, “to grow”); see J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:351, n. 4. For this verb, see BDB 960 s.v. שָׂגָא.

[17:11]  ⁷ tc The Hebrew text has, “a heap of harvest.” However, better sense is achieved if נֵד (ned, “heap”) is emended to a verb. Options include נַד (nad, Qal perfect third masculine singular from נָדַד [nadad, “flee, depart”]), נָדַד (Qal perfect third masculine singular from נָדַד), נֹדֵד (noded, Qal active participle from נָדַד), and נָד (nad, Qal perfect third masculine singular, or participle masculine singular, from נוּד [nud, “wander, flutter”]). See BDB 626 s.v. נוּד and HALOT 672 s.v. I נדד. One could translate literally: “[the harvest] departs,” or “[the harvest] flies away.”