Isaiah 27:1

27:1 At that time ¹  the Lord will punish

with his destructive, ²  great, and powerful sword

Leviathan the fast-moving ³  serpent,

Leviathan the squirming serpent;

he will kill the sea monster. ⁴ 

Isaiah 34:6

34:6 The Lord’s sword is dripping with blood,

it is covered ⁵  with fat;

it drips ⁶  with the blood of young rams and goats

and is covered ⁷  with the fat of rams’ kidneys.

For the Lord is holding a sacrifice ⁸  in Bozrah, ⁹ 

a bloody ¹⁰  slaughter in the land of Edom.

Isaiah 36:4

36:4 The chief adviser said to them, “Tell Hezekiah: ‘This is what the great king, the king of Assyria, says: “What is your source of confidence? ¹¹ 

Isaiah 38:3

38:3 “Please, Lord. Remember how I have served you ¹²  faithfully and with wholehearted devotion, ¹³  and how I have carried out your will.” ¹⁴  Then Hezekiah wept bitterly. ¹⁵ 

[27:1]  ¹ tn Heb “in that day” (so KJV).

[27:1]  ² tn Heb “hard, severe”; cf. NAB, NRSV “cruel”; KJV “sore”; NLT “terrible.”

[27:1]  ³ tn Heb “fleeing” (so NAB, NASB, NRSV). Some translate “slippery” or “slithering.”

[27:1]  ⁴ tn The description of Leviathan should be compared with the following excerpts from Ugaritic mythological texts: (1) “Was not the dragon (Ugaritic tnn, cognate with Hebrew תַנִּין [tannin, translated “sea monster” here]) vanquished and captured? I did destroy the wriggling (Ugaritic ’qltn, cognate to Hebrew עֲקַלָּתוֹן [’aqallaton, translated “squirming” here]) serpent, the tyrant with seven heads (cf. Ps 74:14).” (See CTA 3 iii 38-39.) (2) “for all that you smote Leviathan the slippery (Ugaritic brh, cognate to Hebrew בָּרִחַ [bariakh, translated “fast-moving” here]) serpent, [and] made an end of the wriggling serpent, the tyrant with seven heads” (See CTA 5 i 1-3.)

[34:6]  ⁵ tn The verb is a rare Hotpaal passive form. See GKC 150 §54.h.

[34:6]  ⁶ tn The words “it drips” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[34:6]  ⁷ tn The words “and is covered” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[34:6]  ⁸ tn Heb “for there is a sacrifice to the Lord.”

[34:6]  ⁹ sn The Lord’s judgment of Edom is compared to a bloody sacrificial scene.

[34:6]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “great” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

[36:4]  ⁹ tn Heb “What is this object of trust in which you are trusting?”

[38:3]  ¹³ tn Heb “walked before you.” For a helpful discussion of the background and meaning of this Hebrew idiom, see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 254.

[38:3]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “and with a complete heart”; KJV, ASV “with a perfect heart.”

[38:3]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “and that which is good in your eyes I have done.”

[38:3]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “wept with great weeping”; NCV “cried loudly”; TEV “began to cry bitterly.”