Isaiah 28:17

28:17 I will make justice the measuring line,

fairness the plumb line;

hail will sweep away the unreliable refuge, ¹ 

the floodwaters will overwhelm the hiding place.

Isaiah 32:19

32:19 Even if the forest is destroyed ² 

and the city is annihilated, ³ 

Isaiah 28:2

28:2 Look, the sovereign master ⁴  sends a strong, powerful one. ⁵ 

With the force of a hailstorm or a destructive windstorm, ⁶ 

with the might of a driving, torrential rainstorm, ⁷ 

he will knock that crown ⁸  to the ground with his hand. ⁹ 

Isaiah 30:30

30:30 The Lord will give a mighty shout ¹⁰ 

and intervene in power, ¹¹ 

with furious anger and flaming, destructive fire, ¹² 

with a driving rainstorm and hailstones.

[28:17]  ¹ tn Heb “[the] refuge, [the] lie.” See v. 15.

[32:19]  ² tn Heb “and [?] when the forest descends.” The form וּבָרַד (uvarad) is often understood as an otherwise unattested denominative verb meaning “to hail” (HALOT 154 s.v. I ברד). In this case one might translate, “and it hails when the forest is destroyed” (cf. KJV, ASV, NASB, NIV). Perhaps the text alludes to a powerful wind and hail storm that knocks down limbs and trees. Some prefer to emend the form to וְיָרַד (vÿyarad), “and it descends,” which provides better, though not perfect, symmetry with the parallel line (cf. NAB). Perhaps וּבָרַד should be dismissed as dittographic. In this case the statement (“when the forest descends”) lacks a finite verb and seems incomplete, but perhaps it is subordinate to v. 20.

[32:19]  ³ tn Heb “and in humiliation the city is laid low.”

[28:2]  ³ tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here and in vv. 16, 22 is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

[28:2]  ⁴ tn Heb “Look, a strong and powerful [one] belongs to the Lord.”

[28:2]  ⁵ tn Heb “like a rainstorm of hail, a wind of destruction.”

[28:2]  ⁶ tn Heb “like a rainstorm of mighty, overflowing waters.”

[28:2]  ⁷ tn The words “that crown” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The object of the verb is unexpressed in the Hebrew text.

[28:2]  ⁸ tn Or “by [his] power.”

[30:30]  ⁴ tn Heb “the Lord will cause the splendor of his voice to be heard.”

[30:30]  ⁵ tn Heb “and reveal the lowering of his arm.”

[30:30]  ⁶ tn Heb “and a flame of consuming fire.”