Isaiah 3:9

3:9 The look on their faces ¹  testifies to their guilt; ² 

like the people of Sodom they openly boast of their sin. ³ 

Too bad for them! ⁴ 

For they bring disaster on themselves.

Isaiah 13:2

13:2 ⁵ On a bare hill raise a signal flag,

shout to them,

wave your hand,

so they might enter the gates of the princes!

Isaiah 19:20

19:20 It ⁶  will become a visual reminder in the land of Egypt of ⁷  the Lord who commands armies. When they cry out to the Lord because of oppressors, he will send them a deliverer and defender ⁸  who will rescue them.

Isaiah 34:17

34:17 He assigns them their allotment; ⁹ 

he measures out their assigned place. ¹⁰ 

They will live there ¹¹  permanently;

they will settle in it through successive generations.

Isaiah 47:6

47:6 I was angry at my people;

I defiled my special possession

and handed them over to you.

You showed them no mercy; ¹² 

you even placed a very heavy burden on old people. ¹³ 

Isaiah 52:15

52:15 his form was so marred he no longer looked human ¹⁴  –

so now ¹⁵  he will startle ¹⁶  many nations.

Kings will be shocked by his exaltation, ¹⁷ 

for they will witness something unannounced to them,

and they will understand something they had not heard about.

Isaiah 56:5

56:5 I will set up within my temple and my walls a monument ¹⁸ 

that will be better than sons and daughters.

I will set up a permanent monument ¹⁹  for them that will remain.

Isaiah 57:6

57:6 Among the smooth stones of the stream are the idols you love;

they, they are the object of your devotion. ²⁰ 

You pour out liquid offerings to them,

you make an offering.

Because of these things I will seek vengeance. ²¹ 

Isaiah 59:8

59:8 They are unfamiliar with peace;

their deeds are unjust. ²² 

They use deceitful methods,

and whoever deals with them is unfamiliar with peace. ²³ 

Isaiah 61:7-8

61:7 Instead of shame, you will get a double portion; ²⁴ 

instead of humiliation, they will rejoice over the land they receive. ²⁵ 

Yes, ²⁶  they will possess a double portion in their land

and experience lasting joy.

61:8 For I, the Lord, love justice

and hate robbery and sin.

I will repay them because of my faithfulness; ²⁷ 

I will make a permanent covenant with them.

[3:9]  ¹ sn This refers to their proud, arrogant demeanor.

[3:9]  ² tn Heb “answers against them”; NRSV “bears witness against them.”

[3:9]  ³ tn Heb “their sin, like Sodom, they declare, they do not conceal [it].”

[3:9]  ⁴ tn Heb “woe to their soul.”

[13:2]  ⁵ sn The Lord is speaking here (see v. 3).

[19:20]  ⁹ tn The masculine noun מִזְבֵּחַ (mizbbeakh, “altar”) in v. 19 is probably the subject of the masculine singular verb הָיָה (hayah) rather than the feminine noun מַצֵּבָה (matsevah, “sacred pillar”), also in v. 19.

[19:20]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “a sign and a witness to the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts] in the land of Egypt.”

[19:20]  ¹¹ tn רָב (rav) is a substantival participle (from רִיב, riv) meaning “one who strives, contends.”

[34:17]  ¹³ tn Heb “and he causes the lot to fall for them.” Once again the pronominal suffix (“them”) is feminine plural, referring to the birds mentioned in v. 15b or to all of the creatures listed in vv. 14b-15 (all of which are identified with feminine nouns).

[34:17]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “and his hand divides for them with a measuring line.” The pronominal suffix (“them”) now switches to masculine plural, referring to all the animals and birds mentioned in vv. 11-15, some of which were identified with masculine nouns. This signals closure for this portion of the speech, which began in v. 11. The following couplet (v. 17b) forms an inclusio with v. 11a through verbal repetition.

[34:17]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “will possess it” (so NIV); NCV “they will own that land forever.”

[47:6]  ¹⁷ tn Or “compassion.”

[47:6]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “on the old you made very heavy your yoke.”

[52:15]  ²¹ tn Heb “and his form from the sons of men.” The preposition מִן (min) here carries the sense “away from,” i.e., “so as not to be.”

[52:15]  ²² tn This statement completes the sentence begun in v. 14a. The introductory כֵּן (ken) answers to the introductory כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka’asher) of v. 14a. Verses 14b-15a are parenthetical, explaining why many were horrified.

[52:15]  ²³ tn Traditionally the verb יַזֶּה (yazzeh, a Hiphil stem) has been understood as a causative of נָזָה (nazah, “spurt, spatter”) and translated “sprinkle.” In this case the passage pictures the servant as a priest who “sprinkles” (or spiritually cleanses) the nations. Though the verb נָזָה does occur in the Hiphil with the meaning “sprinkle,” the usual interpretation is problematic. In all other instances where the object or person sprinkled is indicated, the verb is combined with a preposition. This is not the case in Isaiah 52:15, unless one takes the following עָלָיו (’alayv, “on him”) with the preceding line. But then one would have to emend the verb to a plural, make the nations the subject of the verb “sprinkle,” and take the servant as the object. Consequently some interpreters doubt the cultic idea of “sprinkling” is present here. Some emend the text; others propose a homonymic root meaning “spring, leap,” which in the Hiphil could mean “cause to leap, startle” and would fit the parallelism of the verse nicely.

[52:15]  ²⁴ tn Heb “Because of him kings will shut their mouths,” i.e., be speechless.

[56:5]  ²⁵ tn Heb “a hand and a name.” For other examples where יָד (yad) refers to a monument, see HALOT 388 s.v.

[56:5]  ²⁶ tn Heb “name” (so KJV, NIV, NRSV).

[57:6]  ²⁹ tn Heb “among the smooth stones of the stream [is] your portion, they, they [are] your lot.” The next line indicates idols are in view.

[57:6]  ³⁰ tn The text reads literally, “Because of these am I relenting?” If the prefixed interrogative particle is retained at the beginning of the sentence, then the question would be rhetorical, with the Niphal of נָחָם (nakham) probably being used in the sense of “relent, change one’s mind.” One could translate: “Because of these things, how can I relent?” However, the initial letter he may be dittographic (note the final he [ה] on the preceding word). In this case one may understand the verb in the sense of “console oneself, seek vengeance,” as in 1:24.

[59:8]  ³³ tn Heb “a way of peace they do not know, and there is no justice in their pathways.”

[59:8]  ³⁴ tn Heb “their paths they make crooked, everyone who walks in it does not know peace.”

[61:7]  ³⁷ tn Heb “instead of your shame, a double portion.”

[61:7]  ³⁸ tn Heb “and [instead of] humiliation they will rejoice [over] their portion.” The term תָחָת (takhat, “instead of”) is understood by ellipsis (note the preceding line).

[61:7]  ³⁹ tn Heb “therefore” (so KJV, NASB); NIV “and so.”

[61:8]  ⁴¹ tn Heb “in faithfulness”; NASB, NRSV, NLT “faithfully.”