Discovery BoxIsaiah 34:10-17
Context34:10 Night and day it will burn; 1
its smoke will ascend continually.
Generation after generation it will be a wasteland
and no one will ever pass through it again.
34:11 Owls and wild animals 2 will live there, 3
all kinds of wild birds 4 will settle in it.
The Lord 5 will stretch out over her
the measuring line of ruin
and the plumb line 6 of destruction. 7
34:12 Her nobles will have nothing left to call a kingdom
and all her officials will disappear. 8
34:13 Her fortresses will be overgrown with thorns;
thickets and weeds will grow 9 in her fortified cities.
Jackals will settle there;
ostriches will live there. 10
34:14 Wild animals and wild dogs will congregate there; 11
wild goats will bleat to one another. 12
Yes, nocturnal animals 13 will rest there
and make for themselves a nest. 14
34:15 Owls 15 will make nests and lay eggs 16 there;
they will hatch them and protect them. 17
Yes, hawks 18 will gather there,
each with its mate.
34:16 Carefully read the scroll of the Lord! 19
Not one of these creatures will be missing, 20
none will lack a mate. 21
For the Lord has issued the decree, 22
and his own spirit gathers them. 23
34:17 He assigns them their allotment; 24
he measures out their assigned place. 25
They will live there 26 permanently;
they will settle in it through successive generations.
[34:10] 1 tn Heb “it will not be extinguished.”
[34:11] 2 tn קָאַת (qa’at) refers to some type of bird (cf. Lev 11:18; Deut 14:17) that was typically found near ruins (see Zeph 2:14). קִפּוֹד (qippod) may also refer to a type of bird (NAB “hoot owl”; NIV “screech owl”; TEV “ravens”), but some have suggested a rodent may be in view (cf. NCV “small animals”; ASV “porcupine”; NASB, NRSV “hedgehog”).
[34:11] 3 tn Heb “will possess it” (so NIV).
[34:11] 4 tn The Hebrew text has יַנְשׁוֹף וְעֹרֵב (yanshof vÿ’orev). Both the יַנְשׁוֹף (“owl”; see Lev 11:17; Deut 14:16) and עֹרֵב (“raven”; Lev 11:15; Deut 14:14) were types of wild birds.
[34:11] 5 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[34:11] 6 tn Heb “stones,” i.e., the stones used in a plumb bob.
[34:11] 7 sn The metaphor in v. 11b emphasizes that God has carefully planned Edom’s demise.
[34:12] 8 tn Heb “will be nothing”; NCV, TEV, NLT “will all be gone.”
[34:13] 9 tn The words “will grow” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[34:13] 10 tc Heb “and she will be a settlement for wild dogs, a dwelling place for ostriches.” The translation assumes an emendation of חָצִיר (khatsir, “grass”) to חָצֵר (khatser, “settlement”). One of the Qumran scrolls of Isaiah (1QIsaa) supports this emendation (cf. HALOT 344 s.v. II חָצִיר)
[34:14] 11 tn Heb “will meet” (so NIV); NLT “will mingle there.”
[34:14] 12 tn Heb “and a goat will call to its neighbor.”
[34:14] 13 tn The precise meaning of לִּילִית (lilit) is unclear, though in this context the word certainly refers to some type of wild animal or bird. The word appears to be related to לַיְלָה (laylah, “night”). Some interpret it as the name of a female night demon, on the basis of an apparent Akkadian cognate used as the name of a demon. Later Jewish legends also identified Lilith as a demon. Cf. NRSV “Lilith.”
[34:14] 14 tn Heb “and will find for themselves a resting place.”
[34:15] 15 tn Hebrew קִפּוֹז (qippoz) occurs only here; the precise meaning of the word is uncertain.
[34:15] 16 tn For this proposed meaning for Hebrew מָלַט (malat), see HALOT 589 s.v. I מלט.
[34:15] 17 tn Heb “and brood [over them] in her shadow.”
[34:15] 18 tn The precise meaning of דַּיָּה (dayyah) is uncertain, though the term appears to refer to some type of bird of prey, perhaps a vulture.
[34:16] 19 tn Heb “Seek from upon the scroll of the Lord and read.”
[34:16] 20 tn Heb “one from these will not be missing.” הֵנָּה (hennah, “these”) is feminine plural in the Hebrew text. It may refer only to the birds mentioned in v. 15b or may include all of the creatures listed in vv. 14b-15 (all of which are identified with feminine nouns).
[34:16] 21 tn Heb “each its mate they will not lack.”
[34:16] 22 tc The Hebrew text reads literally, “for a mouth, it has commanded.” The Qumran scroll 1QIsaa and a few medieval
[34:16] 23 tn Heb “and his spirit, he gathers them.” The pronominal suffix (“them”) is feminine plural, referring to the birds mentioned in v. 15b or to all of the creatures listed in vv. 14b-15 (all of which are identified with feminine nouns).
[34:17] 24 tn Heb “and he causes the lot to fall for them.” Once again the pronominal suffix (“them”) is feminine plural, referring to the birds mentioned in v. 15b or to all of the creatures listed in vv. 14b-15 (all of which are identified with feminine nouns).
[34:17] 25 tn Heb “and his hand divides for them with a measuring line.” The pronominal suffix (“them”) now switches to masculine plural, referring to all the animals and birds mentioned in vv. 11-15, some of which were identified with masculine nouns. This signals closure for this portion of the speech, which began in v. 11. The following couplet (v. 17b) forms an inclusio with v. 11a through verbal repetition.
[34:17] 26 tn Heb “will possess it” (so NIV); NCV “they will own that land forever.”
