Discovery BoxIsaiah 34:12-17
Context34:12 Her nobles will have nothing left to call a kingdom
and all her officials will disappear. 1
34:13 Her fortresses will be overgrown with thorns;
thickets and weeds will grow 2 in her fortified cities.
Jackals will settle there;
ostriches will live there. 3
34:14 Wild animals and wild dogs will congregate there; 4
wild goats will bleat to one another. 5
Yes, nocturnal animals 6 will rest there
and make for themselves a nest. 7
34:15 Owls 8 will make nests and lay eggs 9 there;
they will hatch them and protect them. 10
Yes, hawks 11 will gather there,
each with its mate.
34:16 Carefully read the scroll of the Lord! 12
Not one of these creatures will be missing, 13
none will lack a mate. 14
For the Lord has issued the decree, 15
and his own spirit gathers them. 16
34:17 He assigns them their allotment; 17
he measures out their assigned place. 18
They will live there 19 permanently;
they will settle in it through successive generations.
[34:12] 1 tn Heb “will be nothing”; NCV, TEV, NLT “will all be gone.”
[34:13] 2 tn The words “will grow” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[34:13] 3 tc Heb “and she will be a settlement for wild dogs, a dwelling place for ostriches.” The translation assumes an emendation of חָצִיר (khatsir, “grass”) to חָצֵר (khatser, “settlement”). One of the Qumran scrolls of Isaiah (1QIsaa) supports this emendation (cf. HALOT 344 s.v. II חָצִיר)
[34:14] 4 tn Heb “will meet” (so NIV); NLT “will mingle there.”
[34:14] 5 tn Heb “and a goat will call to its neighbor.”
[34:14] 6 tn The precise meaning of לִּילִית (lilit) is unclear, though in this context the word certainly refers to some type of wild animal or bird. The word appears to be related to לַיְלָה (laylah, “night”). Some interpret it as the name of a female night demon, on the basis of an apparent Akkadian cognate used as the name of a demon. Later Jewish legends also identified Lilith as a demon. Cf. NRSV “Lilith.”
[34:14] 7 tn Heb “and will find for themselves a resting place.”
[34:15] 8 tn Hebrew קִפּוֹז (qippoz) occurs only here; the precise meaning of the word is uncertain.
[34:15] 9 tn For this proposed meaning for Hebrew מָלַט (malat), see HALOT 589 s.v. I מלט.
[34:15] 10 tn Heb “and brood [over them] in her shadow.”
[34:15] 11 tn The precise meaning of דַּיָּה (dayyah) is uncertain, though the term appears to refer to some type of bird of prey, perhaps a vulture.
[34:16] 12 tn Heb “Seek from upon the scroll of the Lord and read.”
[34:16] 13 tn Heb “one from these will not be missing.” הֵנָּה (hennah, “these”) is feminine plural in the Hebrew text. It may refer only to the birds mentioned in v. 15b or may include all of the creatures listed in vv. 14b-15 (all of which are identified with feminine nouns).
[34:16] 14 tn Heb “each its mate they will not lack.”
[34:16] 15 tc The Hebrew text reads literally, “for a mouth, it has commanded.” The Qumran scroll 1QIsaa and a few medieval
[34:16] 16 tn Heb “and his spirit, he gathers them.” The pronominal suffix (“them”) is feminine plural, referring to the birds mentioned in v. 15b or to all of the creatures listed in vv. 14b-15 (all of which are identified with feminine nouns).
[34:17] 17 tn Heb “and he causes the lot to fall for them.” Once again the pronominal suffix (“them”) is feminine plural, referring to the birds mentioned in v. 15b or to all of the creatures listed in vv. 14b-15 (all of which are identified with feminine nouns).
[34:17] 18 tn Heb “and his hand divides for them with a measuring line.” The pronominal suffix (“them”) now switches to masculine plural, referring to all the animals and birds mentioned in vv. 11-15, some of which were identified with masculine nouns. This signals closure for this portion of the speech, which began in v. 11. The following couplet (v. 17b) forms an inclusio with v. 11a through verbal repetition.
[34:17] 19 tn Heb “will possess it” (so NIV); NCV “they will own that land forever.”
