Isaiah 41:2

41:2 Who stirs up this one from the east? ¹ 

Who ²  officially commissions him for service? ³ 

He hands nations over to him, ⁴ 

and enables him to subdue ⁵  kings.

He makes them like dust with his sword,

like windblown straw with his bow. ⁶ 

Isaiah 41:25

41:25 I have stirred up one out of the north ⁷  and he advances,

one from the eastern horizon who prays in my name. ⁸ 

He steps on ⁹  rulers as if they were clay,

like a potter treading the clay.

Isaiah 46:11

46:11 who summons an eagle ¹⁰  from the east,

from a distant land, one who carries out my plan.

Yes, I have decreed, ¹¹ 

yes, I will bring it to pass;

I have formulated a plan,

yes, I will carry it out.

[41:2]  ¹ sn The expression this one from the east refers to the Persian conqueror Cyrus, as later texts indicate (see 44:28-45:6; 46:11; 48:14-16).

[41:2]  ² tn The interrogative particle is understood by ellipsis.

[41:2]  ³ tn Heb “[in] righteousness called him to his foot.”

[41:2]  ⁴ tn Heb “he [the Lord] places before him [Cyrus] nations.”

[41:2]  ⁵ tn The verb יַרְדְּ (yardÿ) is an otherwise unattested Hiphil form from רָדָה (radah, “rule”). But the Hiphil makes no sense with “kings” as object; one must understand an ellipsis and supply “him” (Cyrus) as the object. The Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a has יוֹרִד (yorid), which appears to be a Hiphil form from יָרַד (yarad, “go down”). Others suggest reading יָרֹד (yarod), a Qal form from רָדַד (radad, “beat down”).

[41:2]  ⁶ sn The point is that they are powerless before Cyrus’ military power and scatter before him.

[41:25]  ⁷ sn That is, Cyrus the Persian. See the note at v. 2.

[41:25]  ⁸ tn Heb “[one] from the rising of the sun [who] calls in my name.”

[41:25]  ⁹ tn The Hebrew text has וְיָבֹא (vÿyavo’, “and he comes”), but this is likely a corruption of an original וַיָּבָס (vayyavas), from בּוּס (bus, “step on”).

[46:11]  ¹³ tn Or, more generally, “a bird of prey” (so NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV; see 18:6).

[46:11]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “spoken”; KJV “I have spoken it.”