Discovery BoxIsaiah 42:1-16
Context42:1 1 “Here is my servant whom I support,
my chosen one in whom I take pleasure.
I have placed my spirit on him;
he will make just decrees 2 for the nations. 3
42:2 He will not cry out or shout;
he will not publicize himself in the streets. 4
42:3 A crushed reed he will not break,
a dim wick he will not extinguish; 5
he will faithfully make just decrees. 6
42:4 He will not grow dim or be crushed 7
before establishing justice on the earth;
the coastlands 8 will wait in anticipation for his decrees.” 9
42:5 This is what the true God, 10 the Lord, says –
the one who created the sky and stretched it out,
the one who fashioned the earth and everything that lives on it, 11
the one who gives breath to the people on it,
and life to those who live on it: 12
42:6 “I, the Lord, officially commission you; 13
I take hold of your hand.
I protect you 14 and make you a covenant mediator for people, 15
and a light 16 to the nations, 17
to release prisoners 19 from dungeons,
those who live in darkness from prisons.
42:8 I am the Lord! That is my name!
I will not share my glory with anyone else,
or the praise due me with idols.
42:9 Look, my earlier predictive oracles have come to pass; 20
now I announce new events.
Before they begin to occur,
I reveal them to you.” 21
42:10 Sing to the Lord a brand new song!
Praise him 22 from the horizon of the earth,
you who go down to the sea, and everything that lives in it, 23
you coastlands 24 and those who live there!
42:11 Let the desert and its cities shout out,
the towns where the nomads of Kedar live!
Let the residents of Sela shout joyfully;
let them shout loudly from the mountaintops.
42:12 Let them give the Lord the honor he deserves; 25
let them praise his deeds in the coastlands. 26
42:13 The Lord emerges like a hero,
like a warrior he inspires himself for battle; 27
he shouts, yes, he yells,
he shows his enemies his power. 28
42:14 “I have been inactive 29 for a long time;
I kept quiet and held back.
Like a woman in labor I groan;
I pant and gasp. 30
42:15 I will make the trees on the mountains and hills wither up; 31
I will dry up all their vegetation.
I will turn streams into islands, 32
and dry up pools of water. 33
42:16 I will lead the blind along an unfamiliar way; 34
I will guide them down paths they have never traveled. 35
I will turn the darkness in front of them into light,
and level out the rough ground. 36
This is what I will do for them.
I will not abandon them.
[42:1] 1 sn Verses 1-7 contain the first of Isaiah’s “servant songs,” which describe the ministry of a special, ideal servant who accomplishes God’s purposes for Israel and the nations. This song depicts the servant as a just king who brings justice to the earth and relief for the oppressed. The other songs appear in 49:1-13; 50:4-11; and 52:13-53:12.
[42:1] 2 tn Heb “he will bring out justice” (cf. ASV, NASB, NRSV).
[42:1] 3 sn Like the ideal king portrayed in Isa 11:1-9, the servant is energized by the divine spirit and establishes justice on the earth.
[42:2] 4 tn Heb “he will not cause his voice to be heard in the street.”
[42:3] 5 sn The “crushed reed” and “dim wick” symbolize the weak and oppressed who are on the verge of extinction.
[42:3] 6 tn Heb “faithfully he will bring out justice” (cf. NASB, NRSV).
[42:4] 7 tn For rhetorical effect the terms used to describe the “crushed (רָצַץ, ratsats) reed” and “dim (כָּהָה, kahah) wick” in v. 3 are repeated here.
[42:4] 8 tn Or “islands” (NIV); NLT “distant lands beyond the sea.”
[42:4] 9 tn Or “his law” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NIV) or “his instruction” (NLT).
[42:5] 10 tn Heb “the God.” The definite article here indicates distinctiveness or uniqueness.
[42:5] 11 tn Heb “and its offspring” (so NASB); NIV “all that comes out of it.”
[42:5] 12 tn Heb “and spirit [i.e., “breath”] to the ones walking in it” (NAB, NASB, and NRSV all similar).
[42:6] 13 tn Heb “call you in righteousness.” The pronoun “you” is masculine singular, referring to the servant. See the note at 41:2.
[42:6] 14 tn The translation assumes the verb is derived from the root נָצַר (natsar, “protect”). Some prefer to derive it from the root יָצַר (yatsar, “form”).
[42:6] 15 tn Heb “a covenant of people.” A person cannot literally be a covenant; בְּרִית (bÿrit) is probably metonymic here, indicating a covenant mediator. The precise identity of עָם (’am, “people”) is uncertain. In v. 5 עָם refers to mankind, and the following reference to “nations” also favors this. But in 49:8, where the phrase בְּרִית עָם occurs again, Israel seems to be in view.
[42:6] 16 sn Light here symbolizes deliverance from bondage and oppression; note the parallelism in 49:6b and in 51:4-6.
[42:6] 17 tn Or “the Gentiles” (so KJV, ASV, NIV); the same Hebrew word can be translated “nations” or “Gentiles” depending on the context.
[42:7] 18 sn This does not refer to literal physical healing of the blind. As the next two lines suggest, this refers metonymically to freeing captives from their dark prisons where their eyes have grown unaccustomed to light.
[42:7] 19 sn This does not refer to hardened, dangerous criminals, who would have been executed for their crimes in ancient Near Eastern society. This verse refers to political prisoners or victims of social injustice.
[42:9] 20 tn Heb “the former things, look, they have come.”
[42:9] 21 tn Heb “before they sprout up, I cause you to hear.” The pronoun “you” is plural, referring to the people of Israel. In this verse “the former things” are the Lord’s earlier predictive oracles which have come to pass, while “the new things” are predicted events that have not yet begun to take place. “The former things” are earlier events in Israel’s history which God announced beforehand, such as the Exodus (see 43:16-18). “The new things” are the predictions about the servant (42:1-7). and may also include Cyrus’ conquests (41:25-27).
[42:10] 22 tn Heb “his praise.” The phrase stands parallel to “new song” in the previous line.
[42:10] 23 tn Heb “and its fullness”; NASB, NIV “and all that is in it.”
[42:10] 24 tn Or “islands” (NASB, NIV); NLT “distant coastlands.”
[42:12] 25 tn Heb “Let them ascribe to the Lord glory.”
[42:12] 26 tn Heb “and his praise in the coastlands [or “islands”] let them declare.”
[42:13] 27 tn Heb “like a man of war he stirs up zeal” (NIV similar).
[42:13] 28 tn Or perhaps, “he triumphs over his enemies” (cf. NIV); NLT “will crush all his enemies.”
[42:14] 29 tn Heb “silent” (so NASB, NIV, TEV, NLT); CEV “have held my temper.”
[42:14] 30 sn The imagery depicts the Lord as a warrior who is eager to fight and can no longer hold himself back from the attack.
[42:15] 31 tn Heb “I will dry up the mountains and hills.” The “mountains and hills” stand by synecdoche for the trees that grow on them. Some prefer to derive the verb from a homonymic root and translate, “I will lay waste.”
[42:15] 32 tc The Hebrew text reads, “I will turn streams into coastlands [or “islands”].” Scholars who believe that this reading makes little sense have proposed an emendation of אִיִּים (’iyyim, “islands”) to צִיּוֹת (tsiyyot, “dry places”; cf. NCV, NLT, TEV). However, since all the versions support the MT reading, there is insufficient grounds for an emendation here. Although the imagery of changing rivers into islands is somewhat strange, J. N. Oswalt describes this imagery against the backdrop of rivers of the Near East. The receding of these rivers at times occasioned the appearance of previously submerged islands (Isaiah [NICOT], 2:126).
[42:15] 33 sn The imagery of this verse, which depicts the Lord bringing a curse of infertility to the earth, metaphorically describes how the Lord will destroy his enemies.
[42:16] 34 tn Heb “a way they do not know” (so NASB); NRSV “a road they do not know.”
[42:16] 35 tn Heb “in paths they do not know I will make them walk.”
[42:16] 36 tn Heb “and the rough ground into a level place.”
