Isaiah 5:3

5:3 So now, residents of Jerusalem, ¹ 

people ²  of Judah,

you decide between me and my vineyard!

Isaiah 59:2

59:2 But your sinful acts have alienated you from your God;

your sins have caused him to reject you and not listen to your prayers. ³ 

Isaiah 44:4

44:4 They will sprout up like a tree in the grass, ⁴ 

like poplars beside channels of water.

Isaiah 22:11

22:11 You made a reservoir between the two walls

for the water of the old pool –

but you did not trust in ⁵  the one who made it; ⁶ 

you did not depend on ⁷  the one who formed it long ago!

Isaiah 2:4

2:4 He will judge disputes between nations;

he will settle cases for many peoples.

They will beat their swords into plowshares, ⁸ 

and their spears into pruning hooks. ⁹ 

Nations will not take up the sword against other nations,

and they will no longer train for war.

[5:3]  ¹ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[5:3]  ² tn Heb “men,” but in a generic sense.

[59:2]  ³ tn Heb “and your sins have caused [his] face to be hidden from you so as not to hear.”

[44:4]  ⁵ tn The Hebrew term בֵין (ven) is usually taken as a preposition, in which case one might translate, “among the grass.” But בֵין is probably the name of a tree (cf. C. R. North, Second Isaiah, 133). If one alters the preposition bet (בְּ) to kaf (כְּ), one can then read, “like a binu-tree.” (The Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a supports this reading.) This forms a nice parallel to “like poplars” in the next line. חָצִיר (khatsir) is functioning as an adverbial accusative of location.

[22:11]  ⁷ tn Heb “look at”; NAB, NRSV “did not look to.”

[22:11]  ⁸ tn The antecedent of the third feminine singular suffix here and in the next line is unclear. The closest feminine noun is “pool” in the first half of the verse. Perhaps this “old pool” symbolizes the entire city, which had prospered because of God’s provision and protection through the years.

[22:11]  ⁹ tn Heb “did not see.”

[2:4]  ⁹ sn Instead of referring to the large plow as a whole, the plowshare is simply the metal tip which actually breaks the earth and cuts the furrow.

[2:4]  ¹⁰ sn This implement was used to prune the vines, i.e., to cut off extra leaves and young shoots (H. Wildberger, Isaiah, 1:93; M. Klingbeil, NIDOTTE 1:1117-18). It was a short knife with a curved hook at the end sharpened on the inside like a sickle. Breaking weapons and fashioning agricultural implements indicates a transition from fear and stress to peace and security.