Isaiah 60:21

60:21 All of your people will be godly; ¹ 

they will possess the land permanently.

I will plant them like a shoot;

they will be the product of my labor,

through whom I reveal my splendor. ² 

Exodus 19:6

19:6 and you will be to me ³  a kingdom of priests ⁴  and a holy nation.’ ⁵  These are the words that you will speak to the Israelites.”

Deuteronomy 4:6-8

4:6 So be sure to do them, because this will testify of your wise understanding ⁶  to the people who will learn of all these statutes and say, “Indeed, this great nation is a very wise ⁷  people.” 4:7 In fact, what other great nation has a god so near to them like the Lord our God whenever we call on him? 4:8 And what other great nation has statutes and ordinances as just ⁸  as this whole law ⁹  that I am about to share with ¹⁰  you today?

Psalms 106:5

106:5 so I may see the prosperity ¹¹  of your chosen ones,

rejoice along with your nation, ¹² 

and boast along with the people who belong to you. ¹³ 

Psalms 106:1

Psalm 106 ¹⁴ 

106:1 Praise the Lord!

Give thanks to the Lord, for he is good,

and his loyal love endures! ¹⁵ 

Psalms 2:9

2:9 You will break them ¹⁶  with an iron scepter; ¹⁷ 

you will smash them like a potter’s jar!’” ¹⁸ 

Psalms 2:2

2:2 The kings of the earth ¹⁹  form a united front; ²⁰ 

the rulers collaborate ²¹ 

against the Lord and his anointed king. ²² 

Psalms 3:1

Psalm 3 ²³ 

A psalm of David, written when he fled from his son Absalom. ²⁴ 

3:1 Lord, how ²⁵  numerous are my enemies!

Many attack me. ²⁶ 

Revelation 5:9

5:9 They were singing a new song: ²⁷ 

“You are worthy to take the scroll

and to open its seals

because you were killed, ²⁸ 

and at the cost of your own blood ²⁹  you have purchased ³⁰  for God

persons ³¹  from every tribe, language, ³²  people, and nation.

[60:21]  ¹ tn Or “righteous” (NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT); NAB “just.”

[60:21]  ² tn Heb “a shoot of his planting, the work of my hands, to reveal splendor.”

[19:6]  ³ tn Or “for me” (NIV, NRSV), or, if the lamed (ל) preposition has a possessive use, “my kingdom” (so NCV).

[19:6]  ⁴ tn The construction “a kingdom of priests” means that the kingdom is made up of priests. W. C. Kaiser (“Exodus,” EBC 2:417) offers four possible renderings of the expression: 1) apposition, viz., “kings, that is, priests; 2) as a construct with a genitive of specification, “royal priesthood”; 3) as a construct with the genitive being the attribute, “priestly kingdom”; and 4) reading with an unexpressed “and” – “kings and priests.” He takes the latter view that they were to be kings and priests. (Other references are R. B. Y. Scott, “A Kingdom of Priests (Exodus xix. 6),” OTS 8 [1950]: 213-19; William L. Moran, “A Kingdom of Priests,” The Bible in Current Catholic Thought, 7-20). However, due to the parallelism of the next description which uses an adjective, this is probably a construct relationship. This kingdom of God will be composed of a priestly people. All the Israelites would be living wholly in God’s service and enjoying the right of access to him. And, as priests, they would have the duty of representing God to the nations, following what they perceived to be the duties of priests – proclaiming God’s word, interceding for people, and making provision for people to find God through atonement (see Deut 33:9,10).

[19:6]  ⁵ tn They are also to be “a holy nation.” They are to be a nation separate and distinct from the rest of the nations. Here is another aspect of their duty. It was one thing to be God’s special possession, but to be that they had to be priestly and holy. The duties of the covenant will specify what it would mean to be a holy nation. In short, they had to keep themselves free from everything that characterized pagan people (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 171). So it is a bilateral covenant: they received special privileges but they must provide special services by the special discipline. See also H. Kruse, “Exodus 19:5 and the Mission of Israel,” North East Asian Journal of Theology 24/25 (1980): 239-42.

[4:6]  ⁶ tn Heb “it is wisdom and understanding.”

[4:6]  ⁷ tn Heb “wise and understanding.”

[4:8]  ⁸ tn Or “pure”; or “fair”; Heb “righteous.”

[4:8]  ⁹ tn The Hebrew phrase הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת (hattorah hazzo’t), in this context, refers specifically to the Book of Deuteronomy. That is, it is the collection of all the חֻקִּים (khuqqim, “statutes,” 4:1) and מִשְׁפָּטִים (mishpatim, “ordinances,” 4:1) to be included in the covenant text. In a full canonical sense, of course, it pertains to the entire Pentateuch or Torah.

[4:8]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “place before.”

[106:5]  ¹¹ tn Heb “good.”

[106:5]  ¹² tn Heb “in order that [I may] rejoice with the rejoicing of your nation.”

[106:5]  ¹³ tn Heb “with your inheritance.”

[106:1]  ¹⁴ sn Psalm 106. The psalmist recalls Israel’s long history of rebellion against God, despite his mighty saving deeds on their behalf.

[106:1]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “for forever [is] his loyal love.”

[2:9]  ¹⁶ tc The LXX reads “you will shepherd them.” This reading, quoted in the Greek text of the NT in Rev 2:27; 12:5; 19:15, assumes a different vocalization of the consonantal Hebrew text and understands the verb as רָעָה (ra’ah, “to shepherd”) rather than רָעָע (ra’a’, “to break”). But the presence of נָפַץ (nafats, “to smash”) in the next line strongly favors the MT vocalization.

[2:9]  ¹⁷ tn The Hebrew term שֵׁבֶט (shevet) can refer to a “staff” or “rod,” but here it probably refers to the Davidic king’s royal scepter, symbolizing his sovereignty.

[2:9]  ¹⁸ sn Like a potter’s jar. Before the Davidic king’s awesome power, the rebellious nations are like fragile pottery.

[2:2]  ¹⁹ sn The expression kings of the earth refers somewhat hyperbolically to the kings who had been conquered by and were subject to the Davidic king.

[2:2]  ²⁰ tn Or “take their stand.” The Hebrew imperfect verbal form describes their action as underway.

[2:2]  ²¹ tn Or “conspire together.” The verbal form is a Niphal from יָסַד (yasad). BDB 413-14 s.v. יָסַד defines the verb as “establish, found,” but HALOT 417 s.v. II יסד proposes a homonym meaning “get together, conspire” (an alternate form of סוּד, sud).

[2:2]  ²² tn Heb “and against his anointed one.” The Davidic king is the referent (see vv. 6-7).

[3:1]  ²³ sn Psalm 3. The psalmist acknowledges that he is confronted by many enemies (vv. 1-2). But, alluding to a divine oracle he has received (vv. 4-5), he affirms his confidence in God’s ability to protect him (vv. 3, 6) and requests that God make his promise a reality (vv. 7-8).

[3:1]  ²⁴ sn According to Jewish tradition, David offered this prayer when he was forced to flee from Jerusalem during his son Absalom’s attempted coup (see 2 Sam 15:13-17).

[3:1]  ²⁵ tn The Hebrew term מָה (mah, “how”) is used here as an adverbial exclamation (see BDB 553 s.v.).

[3:1]  ²⁶ tn Heb “many rise up against me.”

[5:9]  ²⁷ tn The redundant participle λέγοντες (legontes) has not been translated here.

[5:9]  ²⁸ tn Or “slaughtered”; traditionally, “slain.”

[5:9]  ²⁹ tn The preposition ἐν (en) is taken to indicate price here, like the Hebrew preposition ב (bet) does at times. BDAG 329 s.v. ἐν 5.b states, “The ἐν which takes the place of the gen. of price is also instrumental ἠγόρασας ἐν τῷ αἵματί σου Rv 5:9 (cp. 1 Ch 21:24 ἀγοράζω ἐν ἀργυρίῳ).”

[5:9]  ³⁰ tc The Greek text as it stands above (i.e., the reading τῷ θεῷ [tw qew] alone) is found in codex A. א 2050 2344 Ï sy add the term “us” (ἡμᾶς, Jhmas), either before or after τῷ θεῷ, as an attempt to clarify the object of “purchased” (ἠγόρασας, hgorasa"). A few mss (1 vg^ms) delete the reference to God altogether and simply replace it with “us” (ἡμᾶς). This too is an attempt to remove ambiguity in the phrase and provide an object for “purchased.” The shorter reading, supported by the best witness for Revelation, best accounts for the other readings.

[5:9]  ³¹ tn The word “persons” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context.

[5:9]  ³² tn Grk “and language,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.