Isaiah 63:2

63:2 Why are your clothes red?

Why do you look like someone who has stomped on grapes in a vat? ¹ 

Isaiah 16:10

16:10 Joy and happiness disappear from the orchards,

and in the vineyards no one rejoices or shouts;

no one treads out juice in the wine vats ²  –

I have brought the joyful shouts to an end. ³ 

Isaiah 63:3

63:3 “I have stomped grapes in the winepress all by myself;

no one from the nations joined me.

I stomped on them ⁴  in my anger;

I trampled them down in my rage.

Their juice splashed on my garments,

and stained ⁵  all my clothes.

Isaiah 5:28

5:28 Their arrows are sharpened,

and all their bows are prepared. ⁶ 

The hooves of their horses are hard as flint, ⁷ 

and their chariot wheels are like a windstorm. ⁸ 

Isaiah 11:15

11:15 The Lord will divide ⁹  the gulf ¹⁰  of the Egyptian Sea; ¹¹ 

he will wave his hand over the Euphrates River ¹²  and send a strong wind, ¹³ 

he will turn it into seven dried-up streams, ¹⁴ 

and enable them to walk across in their sandals.

Isaiah 21:15

21:15 For they flee from the swords –

from the drawn sword

and from the battle-ready bow

and from the severity of the battle.

Isaiah 48:17

48:17 This is what the Lord, your protector, ¹⁵  says,

the Holy One of Israel: ¹⁶ 

“I am the Lord your God,

who teaches you how to succeed,

who leads you in the way you should go.

Isaiah 59:8

59:8 They are unfamiliar with peace;

their deeds are unjust. ¹⁷ 

They use deceitful methods,

and whoever deals with them is unfamiliar with peace. ¹⁸ 

Isaiah 42:16

42:16 I will lead the blind along an unfamiliar way; ¹⁹ 

I will guide them down paths they have never traveled. ²⁰ 

I will turn the darkness in front of them into light,

and level out the rough ground. ²¹ 

This is what I will do for them.

I will not abandon them.

[63:2]  ¹ tn Heb “and your garments like one who treads in a vat?”

[16:10]  ² tn Heb “wine in the vats the treader does not tread.”

[16:10]  ³ sn The Lord appears to be the speaker here. See 15:9.

[63:3]  ³ sn Nations, headed by Edom, are the object of the Lord’s anger (see v. 6). He compares military slaughter to stomping on grapes in a vat.

[63:3]  ⁴ tn Heb “and I stained.” For discussion of the difficult verb form, see HALOT 170 s.v. II גאל. Perhaps the form is mixed, combining the first person forms of the imperfect (note the alef prefix) and perfect (note the תי- ending).

[5:28]  ⁴ tn Heb “bent” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NRSV); NIV “are strung.”

[5:28]  ⁵ tn Heb “regarded like flint.”

[5:28]  ⁶ sn They are like a windstorm in their swift movement and in the way they kick up dust.

[11:15]  ⁵ tn The verb is usually understood as “put under the ban, destroy,” or emended to חָרָב (kharav, “dry up”). However, HALOT 354 s.v. II חרם proposes a homonymic root meaning “divide.”

[11:15]  ⁶ tn Heb “tongue” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NRSV).

[11:15]  ⁷ sn That is, the Red Sea.

[11:15]  ⁸ tn Heb “the river”; capitalized in some English versions (e.g., ASV, NASB, NRSV) as a reference to the Euphrates River.

[11:15]  ⁹ tn Heb “with the [?] of his wind” [or “breath”]. The Hebrew term עַיָם (’ayam) occurs only here. Some attempt to relate the word to an Arabic root and translate, “scorching [or “hot”] wind.” This interpretation fits especially well if one reads “dry up” in the previous line. Others prefer to emend the form to עֹצֶם (’otsem, “strong”). See HALOT 817 s.v. עֲצַם.

[11:15]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “seven streams.” The Hebrew term נַחַל (nakhal, “stream”) refers to a wadi, or seasonal stream, which runs during the rainy season, but is otherwise dry. The context (see v. 15b) here favors the translation, “dried up streams.” The number seven suggests totality and completeness. Here it indicates that God’s provision for escape will be thorough and more than capable of accommodating the returning exiles.

[48:17]  ⁶ tn Heb “your redeemer.” See the note at 41:14.

[48:17]  ⁷ sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.

[59:8]  ⁷ tn Heb “a way of peace they do not know, and there is no justice in their pathways.”

[59:8]  ⁸ tn Heb “their paths they make crooked, everyone who walks in it does not know peace.”

[42:16]  ⁸ tn Heb “a way they do not know” (so NASB); NRSV “a road they do not know.”

[42:16]  ⁹ tn Heb “in paths they do not know I will make them walk.”

[42:16]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and the rough ground into a level place.”