Isaiah 7:1-2

Ahaz Receives a Sign

7:1 During ¹  the reign of Ahaz son of Jotham, son of Uzziah, king of Judah, King Rezin of Syria and King Pekah son of Remaliah of Israel marched up to Jerusalem ²  to do battle, but they were unable to prevail against it. ³ 

7:2 It was reported to the family ⁴  of David, “Syria has allied with ⁵  Ephraim.” They and their people were emotionally shaken, just as the trees of the forest shake before the wind. ⁶ 

Isaiah 7:6

7:6 They say, “Let’s attack Judah, terrorize it, and conquer it. ⁷  Then we’ll set up the son of Tabeel as its king.” ⁸ 

Jude 1:16-20

1:16 These people are grumblers and ⁹  fault-finders who go ¹⁰  wherever their desires lead them, ¹¹  and they give bombastic speeches, ¹²  enchanting folks ¹³  for their own gain. ¹⁴ 

Exhortation to the Faithful

1:17 But you, dear friends – recall the predictions ¹⁵  foretold by the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ. ¹⁶  1:18 For they said to you, “In the end time there will come ¹⁷  scoffers, propelled by their own ungodly desires.” ¹⁸  1:19 These people are divisive, ¹⁹  worldly, ²⁰  devoid of the Spirit. ²¹  1:20 But you, dear friends, by building yourselves up in your most holy faith, by praying in the Holy Spirit, ²² 

[7:1]  ¹ tn The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.

[7:1]  ² map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[7:1]  ³ tn Or perhaps, “but they were unable to attack it.” This statement sounds like a summary of the whole campaign. The following context explains why they were unable to defeat the southern kingdom. The parallel passage (2 Kgs 16:5; cf. Num 22:11; 1 Sam 17:9 for a similar construction) affirms that Syria and Israel besieged Ahaz. Consequently, the statement that “they were not able to battle against them” must refer to the inability to conquer Ahaz.

[7:2]  ⁴ tn Heb “house.” In this context the “house of David” includes King Ahaz, his family, and the royal court. See also Jer 21:12; Zech 12:7-8, 10, 12, for a similar use of the phrase.

[7:2]  ⁵ tn Heb “rests upon.” Most understand the verb as נוּחַ (nuakh, “rest”), but HALOT 685 s.v. II נחה proposes that this is a hapax legomenon which means “stand by.”

[7:2]  ⁶ tn Heb “and his heart shook and the heart of his people shook, like the shaking of the trees of the forest before the wind.” The singular pronoun “his” is collective, referring to the Davidic house/family. לֵבָב (levav, “heart”) here refers to the seat of the emotions.

[7:6]  ⁷ tn Heb “and let us break it open for ourselves”; NASB “make for ourselves a breach in its walls”; NLT “fight our way into.”

[7:6]  ⁸ tn Heb “and we will make the son of Tabeel king in its midst.”

[1:16]  ⁹ tn “And” is not in Greek, but is supplied for the sake of English style.

[1:16]  ¹⁰ tn Or “going.” Though the participle is anarthrous, so also is the subject. Thus, the participle could be either adverbial or adjectival.

[1:16]  ¹¹ tn Grk “(who go/going) according to their own lusts.”

[1:16]  ¹² tn Grk “and their mouth speaks bombastic things.”

[1:16]  ¹³ sn Enchanting folks (Grk “awing faces”) refers to the fact that the speeches of these false teachers are powerful and seductive.

[1:16]  ¹⁴ tn Or “to their own advantage.”

[1:17]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “words.” In conjunction with προεῖπον (proeipon), however, the meaning of the construction is that the apostles uttered prophecies.

[1:17]  ¹⁶ sn This verse parallels 2 Pet 3:2 both conceptually and in much of the verbiage. There is one important difference, however: In 2 Pet 3:2 the prophets and apostles speak; here, just the apostles speak. This makes good sense if Jude is using 2 Peter as his main source and is urging his readers to go back to the authoritative writings, both OT and now especially NT.

[1:18]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “be.”

[1:18]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “going according to their own desires of ungodliness.”

[1:19]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “these are the ones who cause divisions.”

[1:19]  ²⁰ tn Or “natural,” that is, living on the level of instincts, not on a spiritual level (the same word occurs in 1 Cor 2:14 as a description of nonbelievers).

[1:19]  ²¹ tn Grk “not having [the] Spirit.”

[1:20]  ²² tn The participles in v. 20 have been variously interpreted. Some treat them imperativally or as attendant circumstance to the imperative in v. 21 (“maintain”): “build yourselves up…pray.” But they do not follow the normal contours of either the imperatival or attendant circumstance participles, rendering this unlikely. A better option is to treat them as the means by which the readers are to maintain themselves in the love of God. This both makes eminently good sense and fits the structural patterns of instrumental participles elsewhere.