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Isaiah 8:9

Context

8:9 You will be broken, 1  O nations;

you will be shattered! 2 

Pay attention, all you distant lands of the earth!

Get ready for battle, and you will be shattered!

Get ready for battle, and you will be shattered! 3 

Isaiah 8:22

Context
8:22 When one looks out over the land, he sees 4  distress and darkness, gloom 5  and anxiety, darkness and people forced from the land. 6 

Isaiah 16:1

Context

16:1 Send rams as tribute to the ruler of the land, 7 

from Sela in the desert 8 

to the hill of Daughter Zion.

Isaiah 18:3

Context

18:3 All you who live in the world,

who reside on the earth,

you will see a signal flag raised on the mountains;

you will hear a trumpet being blown.

Isaiah 19:19

Context
19:19 At that time there will be an altar for the Lord in the middle of the land of Egypt, as well as a sacred pillar 9  dedicated to the Lord at its border.

Isaiah 21:14

Context

21:14 Bring out some water for the thirsty.

You who live in the land of Tema,

bring some food for the fugitives.

Isaiah 23:8-9

Context

23:8 Who planned this for royal Tyre, 10 

whose merchants are princes,

whose traders are the dignitaries 11  of the earth?

23:9 The Lord who commands armies planned it –

to dishonor the pride that comes from all her beauty, 12 

to humiliate all the dignitaries of the earth.

Isaiah 26:15

Context

26:15 You have made the nation larger, 13  O Lord,

you have made the nation larger and revealed your splendor, 14 

you have extended all the borders of the land.

Isaiah 33:9

Context

33:9 The land 15  dries up 16  and withers away;

the forest of Lebanon shrivels up 17  and decays.

Sharon 18  is like the desert; 19 

Bashan and Carmel 20  are parched. 21 

Isaiah 45:22

Context

45:22 Turn to me so you can be delivered, 22 

all you who live in the earth’s remote regions!

For I am God, and I have no peer.

Isaiah 48:13

Context

48:13 Yes, my hand founded the earth;

my right hand spread out the sky.

I summon them;

they stand together.

Isaiah 60:21

Context

60:21 All of your people will be godly; 23 

they will possess the land permanently.

I will plant them like a shoot;

they will be the product of my labor,

through whom I reveal my splendor. 24 

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[8:9]  1 tn The verb רֹעוּ (rou) is a Qal imperative, masculine plural from רָעַע (raa’, “break”). Elsewhere both transitive (Job 34:24; Ps 2:9; Jer 15:12) and intransitive (Prov 25:19; Jer 11:16) senses are attested for the Qal of this verb. Because no object appears here, the form is likely intransitive: “be broken.” In this case the imperative is rhetorical (like “be shattered” later in the verse) and equivalent to a prediction, “you will be broken.” On the rhetorical use of the imperative in general, see IBHS 572 §34.4c; GKC 324 §110.c.

[8:9]  2 tn The imperatival form (Heb “be shattered”) is rhetorical and expresses the speaker’s firm conviction of the outcome of the nations’ attack. See the note on “be broken.”

[8:9]  3 tn The initial imperative (“get ready for battle”) acknowledges the reality of the nations’ hostility; the concluding imperative (Heb “be shattered”) is rhetorical and expresses the speakers’ firm conviction of the outcome of the nations’ attack. (See the note on “be broken.”) One could paraphrase, “Okay, go ahead and prepare for battle since that’s what you want to do, but your actions will backfire and you’ll be shattered.” This rhetorical use of the imperatives is comparable to saying to a child who is bent on climbing a high tree, “Okay, go ahead, climb the tree and break your arm!” What this really means is: “Okay, go ahead and climb the tree since that’s what you really want to do, but your actions will backfire and you’ll break your arm.” The repetition of the statement in the final two lines of the verse gives the challenge the flavor of a taunt (ancient Israelite “trash talking,” as it were).

[8:22]  4 tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV, NASB).

[8:22]  5 tn The precise meaning of מְעוּף (mÿuf) is uncertain; the word occurs only here. See BDB 734 s.v. מָעוּף.

[8:22]  6 tn Heb “ and darkness, pushed.” The word מְנֻדָּח (mÿnudakh) appears to be a Pual participle from נדח (“push”), but the Piel is unattested for this verb and the Pual occurs only here.

[16:1]  7 tc The Hebrew text reads literally, “Send [a plural imperatival form is used] a ram [to] the ruler of the land.” The term כַּר (kar, “ram”) should be emended to the plural כָּרִים (karim). The singular form in the text is probably the result of haplography; note that the next word begins with a mem (מ).

[16:1]  8 tn The Hebrew text has “toward [across?] the desert.”

[19:19]  10 tn This word is sometimes used of a sacred pillar associated with pagan worship, but here it is associated with the worship of the Lord.

[23:8]  13 tn The precise meaning of הַמַּעֲטִירָה (hammaatirah) is uncertain. The form is a Hiphil participle from עָטַר (’atar), a denominative verb derived from עֲטָרָה (’atarah, “crown, wreath”). The participle may mean “one who wears a crown” or “one who distributes crowns.” In either case, Tyre’s prominence in the international political arena is in view.

[23:8]  14 tn Heb “the honored” (so NASB, NRSV); NIV “renowned.”

[23:9]  16 tn Heb “the pride of all the beauty.”

[26:15]  19 tn Heb “you have added to the nation.” The last line of the verse suggests that geographical expansion is in view. “The nation” is Judah.

[26:15]  20 tn Or “brought honor to yourself.”

[33:9]  22 tn Or “earth” (KJV); NAB “the country.”

[33:9]  23 tn Or “mourns” (BDB 5 s.v. I אָבַל). HALOT 6-7 lists homonyms I אבל (“mourn”) and II אבל (“dry up”). They propose the second here on the basis of parallelism. See 24:4.

[33:9]  24 tn Heb “Lebanon is ashamed.” The Hiphil is exhibitive, expressing the idea, “exhibits shame.” In this context the statement alludes to the withering of vegetation.

[33:9]  25 sn Sharon was a fertile plain along the Mediterranean coast. See 35:2.

[33:9]  26 tn Or “the Arabah” (NIV). See 35:1.

[33:9]  27 sn Both of these areas were known for their trees and vegetation. See 2:13; 35:2.

[33:9]  28 tn Heb “shake off [their leaves]” (so ASV, NRSV); NAB “are stripped bare.”

[45:22]  25 tn The Niphal imperative with prefixed vav (ו) indicates purpose after the preceding imperative. The Niphal probably has a tolerative sense, “allow yourselves to be delivered, accept help.”

[60:21]  28 tn Or “righteous” (NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT); NAB “just.”

[60:21]  29 tn Heb “a shoot of his planting, the work of my hands, to reveal splendor.”



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