Judges 11:22

11:22 They took all the Amorite territory from the Arnon River on the south to the Jabbok River on the north, from the desert in the east to the Jordan in the west. ¹ 

Judges 8:7

8:7 Gideon said, “Since you will not help, ²  after the Lord hands Zebah and Zalmunna over to me, I will thresh ³  your skin ⁴  with ⁵  desert thorns and briers.”

Judges 8:16

8:16 He seized the leaders ⁶  of the city, along with some desert thorns and briers; he then “threshed” the men of Succoth with them. ⁷ 

Judges 20:42

20:42 They retreated before the Israelites, taking the road to the wilderness. But the battle overtook ⁸  them as men from the surrounding cities struck them down. ⁹ 

[11:22]  ¹ tn Heb “from the Arnon to the Jabbok, and from the desert to the Jordan.” The word “River” has been supplied in the translation with “Arnon” and “Jabbok,” because these are less familiar to modern readers than the Jordan.

[8:7]  ² tn Heb “Therefore.”

[8:7]  ³ sn I will thresh. The metaphor is agricultural. Threshing was usually done on a hard threshing floor. As farm animals walked over the stalks, pulling behind them a board embedded with sharp stones, the stalks and grain would be separated. See O. Borowski, Agriculture in Iron Age Israel, 63-65. Gideon threatens to use thorns and briers on his sledge.

[8:7]  ⁴ tn Or “flesh.”

[8:7]  ⁵ tn This is apparently a rare instrumental use of the Hebrew preposition אֵת (’et, note the use of ב [bet] in v. 16). Some, however, argue that אֵת more naturally indicates accompaniment (“together with”). In this case Gideon envisions threshing their skin along with thorns and briers, just as the stalks and grain are intermingled on the threshing floor. See C. F. Burney, Judges, 229-30.

[8:16]  ³ tn Heb “elders.”

[8:16]  ⁴ tc The translation follows the reading of several ancient versions (LXX, the Syriac Peshitta, and Vulgate) in assuming the form וַיָּדָשׁ (vayyadash) from the verb דּוֹשׁ (dosh, “thresh”) as in v. 7. The MT reads instead the form וַיֹּדַע (vayyoda’, “make known”), a Hiphil form of יָדַע (yadah). In this case one could translate, “he used them [i.e., the thorns and briers] to teach the men of Succoth a lesson.”

[20:42]  ⁴ tn Heb “clung to”; or “stuck close.”

[20:42]  ⁵ tn Heb “and those from the cities were striking them down in their midst.”