Judges 11:26

11:26 Israel has been living in Heshbon and its nearby towns, in Aroer and its nearby towns, and in all the cities along the Arnon for three hundred years! Why did you not reclaim them during that time?

Judges 12:6

12:6 then they said to him, “Say ‘Shibboleth!’” ¹  If he said, “Sibboleth” (and could not pronounce the word ²  correctly), they grabbed him and executed him right there at the fords of the Jordan. On that day forty-two thousand Ephraimites fell dead.

Judges 13:23

13:23 But his wife said to him, “If the Lord wanted to kill us, he would not have accepted the burnt offering and the grain offering from us. ³  He would not have shown us all these things, or have spoken to us like this just now.”

Judges 21:22

21:22 When their fathers or brothers come and protest to us, ⁴  we’ll say to them, “Do us a favor and let them be, ⁵  for we could not get each one a wife through battle. ⁶  Don’t worry about breaking your oath! ⁷  You would only be guilty if you had voluntarily given them wives.’” ⁸ 

[12:6]  ¹ sn The inability of the Ephraimites to pronounce the word shibboleth the way the Gileadites did served as an identifying test. It illustrates that during this period there were differences in pronunciation between the tribes. The Hebrew word shibboleth itself means “stream” or “flood,” and was apparently chosen simply as a test case without regard to its meaning.

[12:6]  ² tn Heb “and could not prepare to speak.” The precise meaning of יָכִין (yakhin) is unclear. Some understand it to mean “was not careful [to say it correctly]”; others emend to יָכֹל (yakhol, “was not able [to say it correctly]”) or יָבִין (yavin, “did not understand [that he should say it correctly]”), which is read by a few Hebrew mss.

[13:23]  ¹ tn Heb “our hand.”

[21:22]  ¹ tc The (original) LXX and Vulgate read “to you.”

[21:22]  ² tn The words “and let them be” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

[21:22]  ³ tn Heb “for we did not take each his wife in battle.”

[21:22]  ⁴ tn This sentence is not in the Hebrew text. It is supplied in the translation to clarify the logic of the statement.

[21:22]  ⁵ tc Heb “You did not give to them, now you are guilty.” The MT as it stands makes little sense. It is preferable to emend לֹא (lo’, “not”) to לוּא (lu’, “if”). This particle introduces a purely hypothetical condition, “If you had given to them [but you didn’t].” See G. F. Moore, Judges (ICC), 453-54.