Jeremiah 19:6-15

Context
19:6 So I, the Lord, say:¹ “The time will soon come that people will no longer call this place Topheth or the Hinnom Valley. But they will call this valley² the Valley of Slaughter! 19:7 In this place I will thwart³ the plans of the people of Judah and Jerusalem. I will deliver them over to the power of their enemies who are seeking to kill them. They will die by the sword⁴ at the hands of their enemies.⁵ I will make their dead bodies food for the birds and wild beasts to eat. 19:8 I will make this city an object of horror, a thing to be hissed at. All who pass by it will be filled with horror and will hiss out their scorn⁶ because of all the disasters that have happened to it.⁷ 19:9 I will reduce the people of this city to desperate straits during the siege imposed on it by their enemies who are seeking to kill them. I will make them so desperate that they will eat the flesh of their own sons and daughters and the flesh of one another.”’”⁸

19:10 The Lord continued,⁹ “Now break the jar in front of those who have come here with you. 19:11 Tell them the Lord who rules over all says,¹⁰ ‘I will do just as Jeremiah has done.¹¹ I will smash this nation and this city as though it were a potter’s vessel which is broken beyond repair.¹² The dead will be buried here in Topheth until there is no more room to bury them.’¹³ 19:12 I, the Lord, say:¹⁴ ‘That is how I will deal with this city and its citizens. I will make it like Topheth. 19:13 The houses in Jerusalem and the houses of the kings of Judah will be defiled by dead bodies¹⁵ just like this place, Topheth. For they offered sacrifice to the stars¹⁶ and poured out drink offerings to other gods on the roofs of those houses.’”

19:14 Then Jeremiah left Topheth where the Lord had sent him to give that prophecy. He went to the Lord’s temple and stood¹⁷ in its courtyard and called out to all the people. 19:15 “The Lord God of Israel who rules over all¹⁸ says, ‘I will soon bring on this city and all the towns surrounding it¹⁹ all the disaster I threatened to do to it. I will do so because they have stubbornly refused²⁰ to pay any attention to what I have said!’”

[19:6] ¹tn This phrase (Heb “Oracle of the Lord”) has been handled this way on several occasions when it occurs within first person addresses where the Lord is the speaker. See, e.g., 16:16; 17:24; 18:6.

[19:6] ²tn Heb “it will no longer be called to this place Topheth or the Valley of Ben Hinnom but the Valley of Slaughter.”

[19:7] ³sn There is perhaps a two-fold wordplay in the use of this word. One involves the sound play with the word for “jar,” which has been explained as a water decanter. The word here is בַקֹּתִי (vaqqoti). The word for jar in v. 1 is בַקְבֻּק (vaqbuq). There may also be a play on the literal use of this word to refer to the laying waste or destruction of a land (see Isa 24:3; Nah 2:3). Many modern commentaries think that at this point Jeremiah emptied out the contents of the jar, symbolizing the “emptying” out of their plans.

[19:7] ⁴sn This refers to the fact that they will die in battle. The sword would be only one of the weapons that strikes them down. It is one of the trio of “sword,” “starvation,” and “disease” which were the concomitants of war referred to so often in the book of Jeremiah. Starvation is referred to in v. 9.

[19:7] ⁵tn Heb “I will cause them to fall by the sword before their enemies and in the hand of those who seek their soul [= life].” In this context the two are meant as obvious qualifications of one entity, not two. Some rearrangement of the qualifiers had to be made in the English translation to convey this.

[19:8] ⁶sn See 18:16 and the study note there.

[19:8] ⁷tn Heb “all its smitings.” This word has been used several times for the metaphorical “wounds” that Israel has suffered as a result of the blows from its enemies. See, e.g., 14:17. It is used in the Hebrew Bible of scourging, both literally and metaphorically (cf. Deut 25:3; Isa 10:26), and of slaughter and defeat (1 Sam 4:10; Josh 10:20). Here it refers to the results of the crushing blows at the hands of her enemies which has made her the object of scorn.

[19:9] ⁸tn This verse has been restructured to try to bring out the proper thought and subordinations reflected in the verse without making the sentence too long and complex in English: Heb “I will make them eat the flesh of their sons and daughters. And they will eat one another’s flesh in the siege and in the straits which their enemies who are seeking their lives reduce them to.” This also shows the agency through which God’s causation was effected, i.e., the siege.

[19:10] ⁹tn The words “And the Lord continued” are not in the text. However, they are necessary to take us clearly back to the flow of the narrative begun in vv. 1-2 and interrupted by the long speech in vv. 3-9.

[19:11] ¹⁰tn Heb “Thus says Yahweh of armies.” For this title see the study note on 2:19. The translation attempts to avoid the confusion of embedding quotes within quotes by reducing this one to an indirect quote.

[19:11] ¹¹tn The adverb “Thus” or “Like this” normally points back to something previously mentioned. See, e.g., Exod 29:35; Num 11:15; 15:11; Deut 25:9.

[19:11] ¹²tn Heb “Like this I will break this people and this city, just as one breaks the vessel of a potter which is not able to be repaired.”

[19:11] ¹³sn See Jer 7:22-23 for parallels.

[19:12] ¹⁴tn This phrase (Heb “Oracle of the Lord”) has been handled this way on several occasions when it occurs within first person addresses where the Lord is the speaker. See, e.g., 16:16; 17:24; 18:6.

[19:13] ¹⁵tn The words “by dead bodies” is not in the text but is implicit from the context. They are supplied in the translation for clarity.

[19:13] ¹⁶tn Heb “the host of heaven.”

[19:14] ¹⁷tn Heb “And Jeremiah entered from Topheth where the Lord had sent him to prophesy and he stood in the courtyard of the Lord’s temple.”

[19:15] ¹⁸tn Heb “Yahweh of armies, the God of Israel.”

[19:15] ¹⁹tn Heb “all its towns.”

[19:15] ²⁰tn Heb “They hardened [or made stiff] their neck so as not to.”