Jeremiah 25:25-29

25:25 all the kings of Zimri; ¹  all the kings of Elam; ²  all the kings of Media; ³  25:26 all the kings of the north, whether near or far from one another; and all the other kingdoms which are on the face of the earth. After all of them have drunk the wine of the Lord’s wrath, ⁴  the king of Babylon ⁵  must drink it.

25:27 Then the Lord said to me, ⁶  “Tell them that the Lord God of Israel who rules over all ⁷  says, ⁸  ‘Drink this cup ⁹  until you get drunk and vomit. Drink until you fall down and can’t get up. ¹⁰  For I will send wars sweeping through you.’ ¹¹  25:28 If they refuse to take the cup from your hand and drink it, tell them that the Lord who rules over all says ¹²  ‘You most certainly must drink it! ¹³  25:29 For take note, I am already beginning to bring disaster on the city that I call my own. ¹⁴  So how can you possibly avoid being punished? ¹⁵  You will not go unpunished! For I am proclaiming war against all who live on the earth. I, the Lord who rules over all, ¹⁶  affirm it!’ ¹⁷ 

[25:25]  ¹ sn The kingdom of Zimri is mentioned nowhere else, so its location is unknown.

[25:25]  ² sn See further Jer 49:34-39 for judgment against Elam.

[25:25]  ³ sn Elam and Media were east of Babylon; Elam in the south and Media in the north. They were in what is now western Iran.

[25:26]  ⁴ tn The words “have drunk the wine of the Lord’s wrath” are not in the text. They are supplied in the translation for clarity at the end of the list to serve as a transition to the next sentence which does not directly mention the cup or the Lord’s wrath.

[25:26]  ⁵ tn Heb “the king of Sheshach.” “Sheshach” is a code name for Babylon formed on the principle of substituting the last letter of the alphabet for the first, the next to the last for the second, and so on. On this principle Hebrew שׁ (shin) is substituted for Hebrew ב (bet) and Hebrew כ (kaf) is substituted for Hebrew ל (lamed). On the same principle “Leb Kamai” in Jer 51:1 is a code name for Chasdim or Chaldeans which is Jeremiah’s term for the Babylonians. No explanation is given for why the code names are used. The name “Sheshach” for Babylon also occurs in Jer 51:41 where the term Babylon is found in parallelism with it.

[25:27]  ⁷ tn The words “Then the Lord said to me” are not in the text. They are supplied in the translation for clarity, to connect this part of the narrative with vv. 15, 17 after the long intervening list of nations who were to drink the cup of God’s wrath in judgment.

[25:27]  ⁸ tn Heb “Yahweh of armies, the God of Israel.”

[25:27]  ⁹ tn Heb “Tell them, ‘Thus says the Lord….’” The translation is intended to eliminate one level of imbedded quotation marks to help avoid confusion.

[25:27]  ¹⁰ tn The words “this cup” are not in the text but are implicit to the metaphor and the context. They are supplied in the translation for clarity.

[25:27]  ¹¹ tn Heb “Drink, and get drunk, and vomit and fall down and don’t get up.” The imperatives following drink are not parallel actions but consequent actions. For the use of the imperative plus the conjunctive “and” to indicate consequent action, even intention see GKC 324-25 §110.f and compare usage in 1 Kgs 22:12; Prov 3:3b-4a.

[25:27]  ¹² tn Heb “because of the sword that I will send among you.” See the notes on 2:16 for explanation.

[25:28]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “Tell them, ‘Thus says the Lord…’” The translation is intended to eliminate one level of imbedded quote marks to help avoid confusion.

[25:28]  ¹¹ tn The translation attempts to reflect the emphatic construction of the infinitive absolute preceding the finite verb which is here an obligatory imperfect. (See Joüon 2:371-72 §113.m and 2:423 §123.h, and compare usage in Gen 15:13.)

[25:29]  ¹³ tn Heb “which is called by my name.” See translator’s note on 7:10 for support.

[25:29]  ¹⁴ tn This is an example of a question without the formal introductory particle following a conjunctive vav introducing an opposition. (See Joüon 2:609 §161.a.) It is also an example of the use of the infinitive before the finite verb in a rhetorical question involving doubt or denial. (See Joüon 2:422-23 §123.f, and compare usage in Gen 37:8.)

[25:29]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “Yahweh of armies.”

[25:29]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “Oracle of Yahweh of armies.”