Job 19:19

19:19 All my closest friends ¹  detest me;

and those whom ²  I love have turned against me. ³ 

Psalms 41:9

41:9 Even my close friend ⁴  whom I trusted,

he who shared meals with me, has turned against me. ⁵ 

Micah 7:5-6

7:5 Do not rely on a friend;

do not trust a companion!

Don’t even share secrets with the one who lies in your arms! ⁶ 

7:6 For a son thinks his father is a fool,

a daughter challenges ⁷  her mother,

and a daughter-in-law her mother-in-law;

a man’s enemies are his own servants. ⁸ 

Matthew 26:21-23

26:21 And while they were eating he said, “I tell you the truth, ⁹  one of you will betray me.” ¹⁰  26:22 They ¹¹  became greatly distressed ¹²  and each one began to say to him, “Surely not I, Lord?” 26:23 He ¹³  answered, “The one who has dipped his hand into the bowl with me ¹⁴  will betray me.

Mark 14:18

14:18 While they were at the table ¹⁵  eating, Jesus said, “I tell you the truth, ¹⁶  one of you eating with me will betray me.” ¹⁷ 

John 13:18-19

The Announcement of Jesus’ Betrayal

13:18 “What I am saying does not refer to all of you. I know the ones I have chosen. But this is to fulfill the scripture, ¹⁸  ‘The one who eats my bread ¹⁹  has turned against me.’ ²⁰  13:19 I am telling you this now, ²¹  before it happens, so that when it happens you may believe ²²  that I am he. ²³ 

John 13:21

13:21 When he had said these things, Jesus was greatly distressed ²⁴  in spirit, and testified, ²⁵  “I tell you the solemn truth, ²⁶  one of you will betray me.” ²⁷ 

John 13:26

13:26 Jesus replied, ²⁸  “It is the one to whom I will give this piece of bread ²⁹  after I have dipped it in the dish.” ³⁰  Then he dipped the piece of bread in the dish ³¹  and gave it to Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son.

[19:19]  ¹ tn Heb “men of my confidence,” or “men of my council,” i.e., intimate friends, confidants.

[19:19]  ² tn The pronoun זֶה (zeh) functions here in the place of a nominative (see GKC 447 §138.h).

[19:19]  ³ tn T. Penar translates this “turn away from me” (“Job 19,19 in the Light of Ben Sira 6,11,” Bib 48 [1967]: 293-95).

[41:9]  ⁴ tn Heb “man of my peace.” The phrase here refers to one’s trusted friend (see Jer 38:22; Obad 7).

[41:9]  ⁵ tn Heb “has made a heel great against me.” The precise meaning of this phrase, which appears only here, is uncertain.

[7:5]  ⁶ tn Heb “from the one who lies in your arms, guard the doors of your mouth.”

[7:6]  ⁷ tn Heb “rises up against.”

[7:6]  ⁸ tn Heb “the enemies of a man are the men of his house.”

[26:21]  ⁹ tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.”

[26:21]  ¹⁰ tn Or “will hand me over.”

[26:22]  ¹¹ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

[26:22]  ¹² tn The participle λυπούμενοι (lupoumenoi) has been translated as a finite verb to make the sequence of events clear in English.

[26:23]  ¹³ tn Grk “answering, he said.” This is somewhat redundant and has been simplified in the translation. Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[26:23]  ¹⁴ sn The one who has dipped his hand into the bowl with me. The point of Jesus’ comment here is not to identify the specific individual per se, but to indicate that it is one who was close to him – somebody whom no one would suspect. His comment serves to heighten the treachery of Judas’ betrayal.

[14:18]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “while they were reclined at the table.”

[14:18]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.”

[14:18]  ¹⁷ tn Or “will hand me over”; Grk “one of you will betray me, the one who eats with me.”

[13:18]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “But so that the scripture may be fulfilled.”

[13:18]  ¹⁹ tn Or “The one who shares my food.”

[13:18]  ²⁰ tn Or “has become my enemy”; Grk “has lifted up his heel against me.” The phrase “to lift up one’s heel against someone” reads literally in the Hebrew of Ps 41 “has made his heel great against me.” There have been numerous interpretations of this phrase, but most likely it is an idiom meaning “has given me a great fall,” “has taken cruel advantage of me,” or “has walked out on me.” Whatever the exact meaning of the idiom, it clearly speaks of betrayal by a close associate. See E. F. F. Bishop, “‘He that eateth bread with me hath lifted up his heel against me’ – Jn xiii.18 (Ps xli.9),” ExpTim 70 (1958-59): 331-33.

[13:19]  ²¹ tn Or (perhaps) “I am certainly telling you this.” According to BDF §12.3 ἀπ᾿ ἄρτι (ap’ arti) should be read as ἀπαρτί (aparti), meaning “exactly, certainly.”

[13:19]  ²² tn Grk “so that you may believe.”

[13:19]  ²³ tn Grk “that I am.” R. E. Brown (John [AB], 2:555) argues for a nonpredicated ἐγώ εἰμι (egw eimi) here, but this is far from certain.

[13:21]  ²⁴ tn Or “greatly troubled.”

[13:21]  ²⁵ tn Grk “and testified and said.”

[13:21]  ²⁶ tn Grk “Truly, truly, I say to you.”

[13:21]  ²⁷ tn Or “will hand me over.”

[13:26]  ²⁸ tn Grk “Jesus answered.”

[13:26]  ²⁹ sn The piece of bread was a broken-off piece of bread (not merely a crumb).

[13:26]  ³⁰ tn Grk “after I have dipped it.” The words “in the dish” are not in the Greek text, but the presence of a bowl or dish is implied.

[13:26]  ³¹ tn The words “in the dish” are not in the Greek text, but the presence of a bowl or dish is implied.