Job 31:9-15

31:9 If my heart has been enticed by a woman,

and I have lain in wait at my neighbor’s door, ¹ 

31:10 then let my wife turn the millstone ²  for another man,

and may other men have sexual relations with her. ³ 

31:11 For I would have committed ⁴  a shameful act, ⁵ 

an iniquity to be judged. ⁶ 

31:12 For it is a fire that devours even to Destruction, ⁷ 

and it would uproot ⁸  all my harvest.

31:13 “If I have disregarded the right of my male servants

or my female servants

when they disputed ⁹  with me,

31:14 then what will I do when God confronts me in judgment; ¹⁰ 

when he intervenes, ¹¹ 

how will I respond to him?

31:15 Did not the one who made me in the womb make them? ¹² 

Did not the same one form us in the womb?

[31:9]  ¹ tn Gordis notes that the word פֶּתַח (petakh, “door”) has sexual connotations in rabbinic literature, based on Prov 7:6ff. (see b. Ketubbot 9b). See also the use in Song 4:12 using a synonym.

[31:10]  ² tn Targum Job interpreted the verb טָחַן (takhan, “grind”) in a sexual sense, and this has influenced other versions and commentaries. But the literal sense fits well in this line. The idea is that she would be a slave for someone else. The second line of the verse then might build on this to explain what kind of a slave – a concubine (see A. B. Davidson, Job, 215).

[31:10]  ³ tn Heb “bow down over her,” an idiom for sexual relations.

[31:11]  ³ tn Heb “for that [would be].” In order to clarify the referent of “that,” which refers to v. 9 rather than v. 10, the words “I have committed” have been supplied in the translation.

[31:11]  ⁴ tn The word for “shameful act” is used especially for sexual offenses (cf. Lev 18:27).

[31:11]  ⁵ tc Some have deleted this verse as being short and irrelevant, not to mention problematic. But the difficulties are not insurmountable, and there is no reason to delete it. There is a Kethib-Qere reading in each half verse; in the first the Kethib is masculine for the subject but the Qere is feminine going with “shameless deed.” In the second colon the Kethib is the feminine agreeing with the preceding noun, but the Qere is masculine agreeing with “iniquity.”

[31:12]  ⁴ tn Heb “to Abaddon.”

[31:12]  ⁵ tn The verb means “to root out,” but this does not fit the parallelism with fire. Wright changed two letters and the vowels in the verb to get the root צָרַף (tsaraf, “to burn”). The NRSV has “burn to the root.”

[31:13]  ⁵ tn This construction is an adverbial clause using the temporal preposition, the infinitive from רִיב (riv, “contend”), and the suffix which is the subjective genitive.

[31:14]  ⁶ tn Heb “arises.” The LXX reads “takes vengeance,” an interpretation that is somewhat correct but unnecessary. The verb “to rise” would mean “to confront in judgment.”

[31:14]  ⁷ tn The verb פָקַד (paqad) means “to visit,” but with God as the subject it means any divine intervention for blessing or cursing, anything God does that changes a person’s life. Here it is “visit to judge.”

[31:15]  ⁷ tn Heb “him,” but the plural pronoun has been used in the translation to indicate that the referent is the servants mentioned in v. 13 (since the previous “him” in v. 14 refers to God).