Discovery BoxJohn 18:15-27
Context18:15 Simon Peter and another disciple followed them as they brought Jesus to Annas. 1 (Now the other disciple 2 was acquainted with the high priest, and he went with Jesus into the high priest’s courtyard.) 3 18:16 But Simon Peter was left standing outside by the door. So the other disciple who was acquainted with the high priest came out and spoke to the slave girl who watched the door, 4 and brought Peter inside. 18:17 The girl 5 who was the doorkeeper said to Peter, “You’re not one of this man’s disciples too, are you?” 6 He replied, 7 “I am not.” 18:18 (Now the slaves 8 and the guards 9 were standing around a charcoal fire they had made, warming themselves because it was cold. 10 Peter also was standing with them, warming himself.) 11
18:19 While this was happening, 12 the high priest questioned Jesus about his disciples and about his teaching. 13 18:20 Jesus replied, 14 “I have spoken publicly to the world. I always taught in the synagogues 15 and in the temple courts, 16 where all the Jewish people 17 assemble together. I 18 have said nothing in secret. 18:21 Why do you ask me? Ask those who heard what I said. 19 They 20 know what I said.” 18:22 When Jesus 21 had said this, one of the high priest’s officers who stood nearby struck him on the face and said, 22 “Is that the way you answer the high priest?” 18:23 Jesus replied, 23 “If I have said something wrong, 24 confirm 25 what is wrong. 26 But if I spoke correctly, why strike me?” 18:24 Then Annas sent him, still tied up, 27 to Caiaphas the high priest. 28
18:25 Meanwhile Simon Peter was standing in the courtyard 29 warming himself. They said to him, “You aren’t one of his disciples too, are you?” 30 Peter 31 denied it: “I am not!” 18:26 One of the high priest’s slaves, 32 a relative of the man whose ear Peter had cut off, 33 said, “Did I not see you in the orchard 34 with him?” 35 18:27 Then Peter denied it again, and immediately a rooster crowed. 36
[18:15] 1 tn The words “them as they brought Jesus to Annas” are not in the Greek text, but are supplied to clarify who Peter and the other disciple were following. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
[18:15] 2 tn Grk “that disciple.”
[18:15] 3 sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.
[18:16] 4 tn Grk “spoke to the doorkeeper”; her description as a slave girl is taken from the following verse. The noun θυρωρός (qurwro") may be either masculine or feminine, but the article here indicates that it is feminine.
[18:17] 5 tn Grk “slave girl.” Since the descriptive term “slave girl” was introduced in the translation in the previous verse, it would be redundant to repeat the full expression here.
[18:17] 6 tn Questions prefaced with μή (mh) in Greek anticipate a negative answer. This can sometimes be indicated by using a “tag” at the end in English (here the tag is “are you?”).
[18:18] 8 tn See the note on the word “slaves” in 4:51.
[18:18] 9 tn That is, the “guards of the chief priests” as distinguished from the household slaves of Annas.
[18:18] 10 tn Grk “because it was cold, and they were warming themselves.”
[18:18] 11 sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.
[18:19] 12 tn The introductory phrase “While this was happening” is not in the Greek text. It has been supplied in the translation to clarify the alternation of scenes in the narrative for the modern reader.
[18:19] 13 sn The nature of this hearing seems to be more that of a preliminary investigation; certainly normal legal procedure was not followed, for no indication is given that any witnesses were brought forth at this point to testify against Jesus. True to what is known of Annas’ character, he was more interested in Jesus’ disciples than in the precise nature of Jesus’ teaching, since he inquired about the followers first. He really wanted to know just how influential Jesus had become and how large a following he had gathered. This was of more concern to Annas that the truth or falsity of Jesus’ teaching.
[18:20] 14 tn Grk “Jesus answered him.”
[18:20] 15 sn See the note on synagogue in 6:59.
[18:20] 16 tn Grk “in the temple.”
[18:20] 17 tn Grk “the Jews.” Here the phrase refers to the Jewish people generally, for whom the synagogues and the temple courts in Jerusalem were important public gathering places. See also the note on the phrase “Jewish religious leaders” in v. 12.
[18:20] 18 tn Grk “And I.” The conjunction καί (kai, “and”) has not been translated here in keeping with the tendency of contemporary English style to use shorter sentences.
[18:21] 19 tn Grk “Ask those who heard what I said to them.” The words “to them” are not translated since they are redundant in English.
[18:21] 20 tn Grk “Look, these know what I said.”
[18:22] 21 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[18:22] 22 tn Grk “one of the high priest’s servants standing by gave Jesus a strike, saying.” For the translation of ῥάπισμα (rJapisma), see L&N 19.4.
[18:23] 23 tn Grk “Jesus answered him.”
[18:23] 24 tn Or “something incorrect.”
[18:24] 27 tn Or “still bound.”
[18:24] 28 sn Where was Caiaphas the high priest located? Did he have a separate palace, or was he somewhere else with the Sanhedrin? Since Augustine (4th century) a number of scholars have proposed that Annas and Caiaphas resided in different wings of the same palace, which were bound together by a common courtyard through which Jesus would have been led as he was taken from Annas to Caiaphas. This seems a reasonable explanation, although there is no conclusive evidence.
[18:25] 29 tn The words “in the courtyard” are not in the Greek text. They are supplied for the benefit of the modern reader, to link this scene to the preceding one in John 18:15-18.
[18:25] 30 tn Questions prefaced with μή (mh) in Greek anticipate a negative answer. This can sometimes be indicated by using a “tag” at the end in English (here the tag is “are you?”).
[18:25] 31 tn Grk “That one denied it and said”; the referent of the pronoun (Peter) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[18:26] 32 tn See the note on the word “slaves” in 4:51.
[18:26] 33 sn This incident is recounted in v. 10.
[18:26] 35 tn This question, prefaced with οὐκ (ouk) in Greek, anticipates a positive answer.
[18:27] 36 tn It seems most likely that this refers to a real rooster crowing, although a number of scholars have suggested that “cockcrow” is a technical term referring to the trumpet call which ended the third watch of the night (from midnight to 3 a.m.). This would then be a reference to the Roman gallicinium (ἀλεκτοροφωνία, alektorofwnia; the term is used in Mark 13:35 and is found in some
