John 19:18-22

19:18 There they ¹  crucified ²  him along with two others, ³  one on each side, with Jesus in the middle. 19:19 Pilate also had a notice ⁴  written and fastened to the cross, ⁵  which read: ⁶  “Jesus the Nazarene, the king of the Jews.” 19:20 Thus many of the Jewish residents of Jerusalem ⁷  read this notice, ⁸  because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and the notice was written in Aramaic, ⁹  Latin, and Greek. 19:21 Then the chief priests of the Jews ¹⁰  said to Pilate, “Do not write, ‘The king of the Jews,’ but rather, ‘This man said, I am king of the Jews.’” 19:22 Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written.”

[19:18]  ¹ tn Grk “where they.” This is a continuation of the previous verse in Greek, but contemporary English style tends toward shorter sentences. A literal translation would result in a lengthy and awkward English sentence.

[19:18]  ² sn See the note on Crucify in 19:6.

[19:18]  ³ tn Grk “and with him two others.”

[19:19]  ⁴ tn Or “an inscription.”

[19:19]  ⁵ tn Grk “Pilate also wrote a notice and placed it on the cross.” The two verbs should be read as causatives, since it is highly unlikely that the Roman governor would perform either of these actions himself. He ordered them to be done.

[19:19]  ⁶ tn Grk “Now it was written.”

[19:20]  ⁷ tn Grk “the Jews.” Here the phrase refers to the residents of Jerusalem in general. See also the note on the phrase Jewish religious leaders” in v. 7.

[19:20]  ⁸ tn Or “this inscription.”

[19:20]  ⁹ tn Grk “in Hebrew.”

[19:21]  ¹⁰ tn Or “the Jewish chief priests.” Nowhere else in the Fourth Gospel are the two expressions οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς τῶν ᾿Ιουδαίων (Joi arcierei" twn Ioudaiwn) combined. Earlier in 19:15 the chief priests were simply referred to as οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς. It seems likely that this is another example of Johannine irony, to be seen in contrast to the inscription on the cross which read ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν ᾿Ιουδαίων (Jo basileu" twn Ioudaiwn). For this reason the phrase has been translated “the chief priests of the Jews” (which preserves in the translation the connection with “King of the Jews”) rather than “the Jewish chief priests.”