Joshua 12:1-4

12:1 Now these are the kings of the land whom the Israelites defeated and drove from their land ¹  on the east side of the Jordan, ²  from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, including all the eastern Arabah:

12:2 King Sihon of the Amorites who lived ³  in Heshbon and ruled from Aroer (on the edge of the Arnon Valley) – including the city in the middle of the valley ⁴  and half of Gilead – all the way to the Jabbok Valley bordering Ammonite territory. 12:3 His kingdom included ⁵  the eastern Arabah from the Sea of Kinnereth ⁶  to the Sea of the Arabah (the Salt Sea), ⁷  including the route to Beth Jeshimoth and the area southward below the slopes of Pisgah.

12:4 The territory of King Og of Bashan, one of the few remaining Rephaites, ⁸  who lived ⁹  in Ashtaroth and Edrei

[12:1]  ¹ tn Heb “and took possession of their land.”

[12:1]  ² tn Heb “beyond the Jordan, toward the rising of the sun.”

[12:2]  ³ tn Or perhaps, “reigned.”

[12:2]  ⁴ tc The MT reads here, “and the middle of the valley,” but the reading “the city in the middle of valley” can be reconstructed on the basis of Josh 13:9, 16.

[12:3]  ⁵ tn The words “his kingdom included” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

[12:3]  ⁶ sn The Sea of Kinnereth is another name for the Sea of Galilee. See the note on the word “Kinnereth” in 11:2.

[12:3]  ⁷ sn The Salt Sea is another name for the Dead Sea.

[12:4]  ⁸ tn Heb “from the remnant of the Rephaites.”

[12:4]  ⁹ tn Or perhaps “who reigned.”