Discovery BoxJoshua 6:1-27
Context6:1 Now Jericho 1 was shut tightly 2 because of the Israelites. No one was allowed to leave or enter. 3 6:2 The Lord told Joshua, “See, I am about to defeat Jericho for you, 4 along with its king and its warriors. 6:3 Have all the warriors march around the city one time; 5 do this for six days. 6:4 Have seven priests carry seven rams’ horns 6 in front of the ark. On the seventh day march around the city seven times, while the priests blow the horns. 6:5 When you hear the signal from the ram’s horn, 7 have the whole army give a loud battle cry. 8 Then the city wall will collapse 9 and the warriors should charge straight ahead.” 10
6:6 So Joshua son of Nun summoned the priests and instructed them, “Pick up the ark of the covenant, and seven priests must carry seven rams’ horns in front of the ark of the Lord.” 6:7 And he told 11 the army, 12 “Move ahead 13 and march around the city, with armed troops going ahead of the ark of the Lord.”
6:8 When Joshua gave the army its orders, 14 the seven priests carrying the seven rams’ horns before the Lord moved ahead and blew the horns as the ark of the covenant of the Lord followed behind. 6:9 Armed troops marched ahead of the priests blowing the horns, while the rear guard followed along behind the ark blowing rams’ horns. 6:10 Now Joshua had instructed the army, 15 “Do not give a battle cry 16 or raise your voices; say nothing 17 until the day I tell you, ‘Give the battle cry.’ 18 Then give the battle cry!” 19 6:11 So Joshua made sure they marched the ark of the Lord around the city one time. 20 Then they went back to the camp and spent the night there. 21
6:12 Bright and early the next morning Joshua had the priests pick up the ark of the Lord. 22 6:13 The seven priests carrying the seven rams’ horns before the ark of the Lord marched along blowing their horns. Armed troops marched ahead of them, while the rear guard followed along behind the ark of the Lord blowing rams’ horns. 6:14 They marched around the city one time on the second day, then returned to the camp. They did this six days in all.
6:15 On the seventh day they were up at the crack of dawn 23 and marched around the city as before – only this time they marched around it seven times. 24 6:16 The seventh time around, the priests blew the rams’ horns and Joshua told the army, 25 “Give the battle cry, 26 for the Lord is handing the city over to you! 27 6:17 The city and all that is in it must be set apart for the Lord, 28 except for Rahab the prostitute and all who are with her in her house, because she hid the spies 29 we sent. 6:18 But be careful when you are setting apart the riches for the Lord. If you take any of it, you will make the Israelite camp subject to annihilation and cause a disaster. 30 6:19 All the silver and gold, as well as bronze and iron items, belong to the Lord. 31 They must go into the Lord’s treasury.”
6:20 The rams’ horns sounded 32 and when the army 33 heard the signal, 34 they gave a loud battle cry. 35 The wall collapsed 36 and the warriors charged straight ahead into the city and captured it. 37 6:21 They annihilated with the sword everything that breathed in the city, 38 including men and women, young and old, as well as cattle, sheep, and donkeys. 6:22 Joshua told the two men who had spied on the land, “Enter the prostitute’s house 39 and bring out the woman and all who belong to her as you promised her.” 40 6:23 So the young spies went and brought out Rahab, her father, mother, brothers, and all who belonged to her. They brought out her whole family and took them to a place outside 41 the Israelite camp. 6:24 But they burned 42 the city and all that was in it, except for the silver, gold, and bronze and iron items they put in the treasury of the Lord’s house. 43 6:25 Yet Joshua spared 44 Rahab the prostitute, her father’s family, 45 and all who belonged to her. She lives in Israel 46 to this very day because she hid the messengers Joshua sent to spy on Jericho. 47 6:26 At that time Joshua made this solemn declaration: 48 “The man who attempts to rebuild 49 this city of Jericho 50 will stand condemned before the Lord. 51 He will lose his firstborn son when he lays its foundations and his youngest son when he erects its gates!” 52 6:27 The Lord was with Joshua and he became famous throughout the land. 53
Joshua 10:1--11:23
Context10:1 Adoni-Zedek, king of Jerusalem, 54 heard how Joshua captured Ai and annihilated it and its king as he did Jericho 55 and its king. 56 He also heard how 57 the people of Gibeon made peace with Israel and lived among them. 10:2 All Jerusalem was terrified 58 because Gibeon was a large city, like one of the royal cities. It was larger than Ai and all its men were warriors. 10:3 So King Adoni-Zedek of Jerusalem sent this message to King Hoham of Hebron, King Piram of Jarmuth, King Japhia of Lachish, and King Debir of Eglon: 10:4 “Come to my aid 59 so we can attack Gibeon, for it has made peace with Joshua and the Israelites.” 10:5 So the five Amorite kings (the kings of Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, and Eglon) and all their troops gathered together and advanced. They deployed their troops and fought against Gibeon. 60
10:6 The men of Gibeon sent this message to Joshua at the camp in Gilgal, “Do not abandon 61 your subjects! 62 Rescue us! Help us! For all the Amorite kings living in the hill country are attacking us.” 63 10:7 So Joshua and his whole army, including the bravest warriors, marched up from Gilgal. 64 10:8 The Lord told Joshua, “Don’t be afraid of them, for I am handing them over to you. 65 Not one of them can resist you.” 66 10:9 Joshua attacked them by surprise after marching all night from Gilgal. 67 10:10 The Lord routed 68 them before Israel. Israel 69 thoroughly defeated them 70 at Gibeon. They chased them up the road to the pass 71 of Beth Horon and struck them down all the way to Azekah and Makkedah. 10:11 As they fled from Israel on the slope leading down from 72 Beth Horon, the Lord threw down on them large hailstones from the sky, 73 all the way to Azekah. They died – in fact, more died from the hailstones than the Israelites killed with the sword.
10:12 The day the Lord delivered the Amorites over to the Israelites, Joshua prayed to the Lord before Israel: 74
“O sun, stand still over Gibeon!
O moon, over the Valley of Aijalon!”
10:13 The sun stood still and the moon stood motionless while the nation took vengeance on its enemies. The event is recorded in the Scroll of the Upright One. 75 The sun stood motionless in the middle of the sky and did not set for about a full day. 76 10:14 There has not been a day like it before or since. The Lord obeyed 77 a man, for the Lord fought for Israel! 10:15 Then Joshua and all Israel returned to the camp at Gilgal.
10:16 The five Amorite kings 78 ran away and hid in the cave at Makkedah. 10:17 Joshua was told, “The five kings have been found hiding in the cave at Makkedah.” 10:18 Joshua said, “Roll large stones over the mouth of the cave and post guards in front of it. 79 10:19 But don’t you delay! Chase your enemies and catch them! 80 Don’t allow them to retreat to 81 their cities, for the Lord your God is handing them over to you.” 82 10:20 Joshua and the Israelites almost totally wiped them out, but some survivors did escape to the fortified cities. 83 10:21 Then the whole army safely returned to Joshua at the camp in Makkedah. 84 No one 85 dared threaten the Israelites. 86 10:22 Joshua said, “Open the cave’s mouth and bring the five kings 87 out of the cave to me.” 10:23 They did as ordered; 88 they brought the five kings 89 out of the cave to him – the kings of Jerusalem, 90 Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, and Eglon. 10:24 When they brought the kings out to Joshua, he 91 summoned all the men of Israel and said to the commanders of the troops who accompanied him, “Come here 92 and put your feet on the necks of these kings.” So they came up 93 and put their feet on their necks. 10:25 Then Joshua said to them, “Don’t be afraid and don’t panic! 94 Be strong and brave, for the Lord will do the same thing to all your enemies you fight. 10:26 Then Joshua executed them 95 and hung them on five trees. They were left hanging on the trees until evening. 10:27 At sunset Joshua ordered his men to take them down from the trees. 96 They threw them into the cave where they had hidden and piled large stones over the mouth of the cave. (They remain to this very day.) 97
10:28 That day Joshua captured Makkedah and put the sword to it and its king. He annihilated everyone who lived in it; he left no survivors. He did to its king what he had done to the king of Jericho. 98
10:29 Joshua and all Israel marched from Makkedah to Libnah and fought against it. 99 10:30 The Lord handed it and its king over to Israel, and Israel 100 put the sword to all who lived there; they 101 left no survivors. They 102 did to its king what they 103 had done to the king of Jericho. 104
10:31 Joshua and all Israel marched from Libnah to Lachish. He deployed his troops 105 and fought against it. 10:32 The Lord handed Lachish over to Israel and they 106 captured it on the second day. They put the sword to all who lived there, just as they had done to Libnah. 10:33 Then King Horam of Gezer came up to help Lachish, but Joshua struck down him and his army 107 until no survivors remained.
10:34 Joshua and all Israel marched from Lachish to Eglon. They deployed troops 108 and fought against it. 10:35 That day they captured it and put the sword to all who lived there. That day they 109 annihilated it just as they 110 had done to Lachish.
10:36 Joshua and all Israel marched up from Eglon to Hebron and fought against it. 10:37 They captured it and put the sword to its king, all its surrounding cities, and all who lived in it; they 111 left no survivors. As they 112 had done at Eglon, they 113 annihilated it and all who lived there.
10:38 Joshua and all Israel turned to Debir and fought against it. 10:39 They 114 captured it, its king, and all its surrounding cities and put the sword to them. They annihilated everyone who lived there; they 115 left no survivors. They 116 did to Debir and its king what they 117 had done to Libnah and its king and to Hebron. 118
10:40 Joshua defeated the whole land, including the hill country, the Negev, the lowlands, 119 the slopes, and all their kings. He left no survivors. He annihilated everything that breathed, just as the Lord God of Israel had commanded. 10:41 Joshua conquered the area between Kadesh Barnea and Gaza and the whole region of Goshen, all the way to Gibeon. 120 10:42 Joshua captured in one campaign 121 all these kings and their lands, for the Lord God of Israel fought for Israel. 10:43 Then Joshua and all Israel returned to the camp at Gilgal.
11:1 When King Jabin of Hazor 122 heard the news, he organized a coalition, including 123 King Jobab of Madon, the king of Shimron, the king of Acshaph, 11:2 and the northern kings who ruled in 124 the hill country, the Arabah south of Kinnereth, 125 the lowlands, and the heights of Dor to the west. 11:3 Canaanites came 126 from the east and west; Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, and Jebusites from the hill country; and Hivites from below Hermon in the area 127 of Mizpah. 11:4 These kings came out with their armies; they were as numerous as the sand on the seashore and had a large number of horses and chariots. 128 11:5 All these kings gathered and joined forces 129 at the Waters of Merom to fight Israel.
11:6 The Lord told Joshua, “Don’t be afraid of them, for about this time tomorrow I will cause all of them to lie dead before Israel. You must hamstring their horses and burn 130 their chariots.” 11:7 Joshua and his whole army caught them by surprise at the Waters of Merom and attacked them. 131 11:8 The Lord handed them over to Israel and they struck them down and chased them all the way to Greater Sidon, 132 Misrephoth Maim, 133 and the Mizpah Valley to the east. They struck them down until no survivors remained. 11:9 Joshua did to them as the Lord had commanded him; he hamstrung their horses and burned 134 their chariots.
11:10 At that time Joshua turned, captured Hazor, 135 and struck down its king with the sword, for Hazor was at that time 136 the leader of all these kingdoms. 11:11 They annihilated everyone who lived there with the sword 137 – no one who breathed remained – and burned 138 Hazor.
11:12 Joshua captured all these royal cities and all their kings and annihilated them with the sword, 139 as Moses the Lord’s servant had commanded. 11:13 But Israel did not burn any of the cities located on mounds, 140 except for Hazor; 141 it was the only one Joshua burned. 11:14 The Israelites plundered all the goods of these cities and the cattle, but they totally destroyed all the people 142 and allowed no one who breathed to live. 11:15 Moses the Lord’s servant passed on the Lord’s commands to Joshua, and Joshua did as he was told. He did not ignore any of the commands the Lord had given Moses. 143
11:16 Joshua conquered the whole land, 144 including the hill country, all the Negev, all the land of Goshen, the lowlands, 145 the Arabah, the hill country of Israel and its lowlands, 11:17 from Mount Halak on up to Seir, as far as Baal Gad in the Lebanon Valley below Mount Hermon. He captured all their kings and executed them. 146 11:18 Joshua campaigned against 147 these kings for quite some time. 148 11:19 No city made peace with the Israelites (except the Hivites living in Gibeon); 149 they had to conquer all of them, 150 11:20 for the Lord determined to make them obstinate so they would attack Israel. He wanted Israel to annihilate them without mercy, as he had instructed Moses. 151
11:21 At that time Joshua attacked and eliminated the Anakites from the hill country 152 – from Hebron, Debir, Anab, and all the hill country of Judah and Israel. 153 Joshua annihilated them and their cities. 11:22 No Anakites were left in Israelite territory, though some remained in Gaza, Gath, and Ashdod. 11:23 Joshua conquered 154 the whole land, just as the Lord had promised Moses, 155 and he assigned Israel their tribal portions. 156 Then the land was free of war.
Nehemiah 9:24-25
Context9:24 Their descendants 157 entered and possessed the land. You subdued before them the Canaanites who were the inhabitants of the land. You delivered them into their hand, together with their kings and the peoples of the land, to deal with as they pleased. 9:25 They captured fortified cities and fertile land. They took possession of houses full of all sorts of good things – wells previously dug, vineyards, olive trees, and fruit trees in abundance. They ate until they were full 158 and grew fat. They enjoyed to the full your great goodness.
Psalms 78:54-55
Context78:54 He brought them to the border of his holy land,
to this mountainous land 159 which his right hand 160 acquired.
78:55 He drove the nations out from before them;
he assigned them their tribal allotments 161
and allowed the tribes of Israel to settle down. 162
Psalms 105:44
Context105:44 He handed the territory of nations over to them,
and they took possession of what other peoples had produced, 163
Acts 7:45
Context7:45 Our 164 ancestors 165 received possession of it and brought it in with Joshua when they dispossessed the nations that God drove out before our ancestors, 166 until the time 167 of David.
Acts 13:19
Context13:19 After 168 he had destroyed 169 seven nations 170 in the land of Canaan, he gave his people their land as an inheritance. 171
[6:1] 1 map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[6:1] 2 tn Heb “was shutting and shut up.” HALOT 2:743 paraphrases, “blocking [any way of access] and blocked [against any who would leave].”
[6:1] 3 tn Heb “there was no one going out and there was no one coming in.”
[6:2] 4 tn Heb “I have given into your hand Jericho.” The Hebrew verb נָתַתִּי (natatti, “I have given”) is probably best understood as a perfect of certitude, indicating the certainty of the action. The Hebrew pronominal suffix “your” is singular, being addressed to Joshua as the leader and representative of the nation. To convey to the modern reader what is about to happen and who is doing it, the translation “I am about to defeat Jericho for you” has been used.
[6:3] 7 tn Heb “and go around the city, all [you] men of war, encircling the city one time.” The Hebrew verb וְסַבֹּתֶם (vÿsabbotem, “and go around”) is plural, being addressed to the whole army.
[6:4] 10 tn Heb “rams’ horns, trumpets.”
[6:5] 13 tn Heb “and it will be at the sounding of the horn, the ram’s horn, when you hear the sound of the ram’s horn.” The text of Josh 6:5 seems to be unduly repetitive, so for the sake of English style and readability, it is best to streamline the text here. The reading in the Hebrew looks like a conflation of variant readings, with the second (“when you hear the sound of the ram’s horn”) being an interpolation that assimilates the text to verse 20 (“when the army heard the sound of the horn”). Note that the words “when you hear the sound of the ram's horn” do not appear in the LXX of verse 5.
[6:5] 14 tn Heb “all the people will shout with a loud shout.”
[6:5] 15 tn Heb “fall in its place.”
[6:5] 16 tn Heb “and the people will go up, each man straight ahead.”
[6:7] 16 tn An alternative reading is “and they said.” In this case the subject is indefinite and the verb should be translated as passive, “[the army] was told.”
[6:8] 19 tn Heb “when Joshua spoke to the people.”
[6:10] 22 tn Heb “the people.”
[6:10] 24 tn Heb “do not let a word come out of your mouths.”
[6:11] 25 tn Heb “and he made the ark of the
[6:11] 26 tn Heb “and they entered the camp and spent the night in the camp.”
[6:12] 28 tn Heb “Joshua rose early in the morning and the priests picked up the ark of the
[6:15] 31 tn Heb “On the seventh day they rose early, when the dawn ascended.”
[6:15] 32 tn Heb “and they went around the city according to this manner seven times, only on that day they went around the city seven times.”
[6:16] 34 tn Heb “the people.”
[6:16] 36 tn Heb “for the
[6:17] 37 tn Or “dedicated to the
[6:17] 38 tn Heb “messengers.”
[6:18] 40 tn Heb “Only you keep [away] from what is set apart [to the
[6:19] 43 tn Heb “it is holy to the
[6:20] 46 tc Heb “and the people shouted and they blew the rams’ horns.” The initial statement (“and the people shouted”) seems premature, since the verse goes on to explain that the battle cry followed the blowing of the horns. The statement has probably been accidentally duplicated from what follows. It is omitted in the LXX.
[6:20] 47 tn Heb “the people.”
[6:20] 48 tn Heb “the sound of the horn.”
[6:20] 49 tn Heb “they shouted with a loud shout.”
[6:20] 50 tn Heb “fell in its place.”
[6:20] 51 tn Heb “and the people went up into the city, each one straight ahead, and they captured the city.”
[6:21] 49 tn Heb “all which was in the city.”
[6:22] 52 tn Heb “the house of the woman, the prostitute.”
[6:22] 53 tn Heb “and bring out from there the woman and all who belong to her as you swore on oath to her.”
[6:23] 55 tn Or “placed them outside.”
[6:24] 58 tn The Hebrew text adds “with fire.”
[6:24] 59 tn Heb “the treasury of the house of the
[6:25] 61 tn Heb “kept alive.”
[6:25] 62 tn Heb the house of her father.”
[6:25] 63 tn Or “among the Israelites”; Heb “in the midst of Israel.”
[6:25] 64 map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[6:26] 64 tn Normally the Hiphil of שָׁבַע (shava’) has a causative sense (“make [someone] take an oath”; see Josh 2:17, 20), but here (see also Josh 23:7) no object is stated or implied. If Joshua is calling divine judgment down upon the one who attempts to rebuild Jericho, then “make a solemn appeal [to God as judge]” or “pronounce a curse” would be an appropriate translation. However, the tone seems stronger. Joshua appears to be announcing the certain punishment of the violator. 1 Kgs 16:34, which records the fulfillment of Joshua’s prediction, supports this. Casting Joshua in a prophetic role, it refers to Joshua’s statement as the “word of the
[6:26] 65 tn Heb “rises up and builds.”
[6:26] 66 tc The LXX omits “Jericho.” It is probably a scribal addition.
[6:26] 67 tn The Hebrew phrase אָרוּר לִפְנֵי יְהוָה (’arur lifney yÿhvah, “cursed [i.e., condemned] before the
[6:26] 68 tn Heb “With his firstborn he will lay its foundations and with his youngest he will erect its gates.” The Hebrew verb יַצִּיב (yatsiv, “he will erect”) is imperfect, not jussive, suggesting Joshua’s statement is a prediction, not an imprecation.
[6:27] 67 tn Heb “and the report about him was in all the land.” The Hebrew term אֶרֶץ (’erets, “land”) may also be translated “earth.”
[10:1] 70 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[10:1] 71 map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[10:1] 72 tn Heb “as he had done to Jericho and to its king, so he did to Ai and to its king.”
[10:2] 73 tn This statement is subordinated to v. 1 in the Hebrew text, which reads literally, “When Adoni-Zedek…they feared greatly.” The subject of the plural verb at the beginning of v. 2 is probably the residents of Jerusalem.
[10:4] 76 tn Heb “Come up to me and help me.”
[10:5] 79 tn Heb “and they camped against Gibeon and fought against it.”
[10:6] 82 tn Heb “do not let your hand drop from us.”
[10:6] 83 tn Heb “your servants!”
[10:6] 84 tn Heb “have gathered against us.”
[10:7] 85 tn Heb “And Joshua went up from Gilgal, he and all the people of war with him, and all the brave warriors.”
[10:8] 88 tn Heb “I have given them into your hand.” The verbal form is a perfect of certitude, emphasizing the certainty of the action.
[10:8] 89 tn Heb “and not a man [or “one”] of them will stand before you.”
[10:9] 91 tn Heb “Joshua came upon them suddenly, all the night he went up from Gilgal.”
[10:10] 94 tn Or “caused to panic.”
[10:10] 95 tn Heb “he.” The referent is probably Israel (mentioned at the end of the previous sentence in the verse; cf. NIV, NRSV), but it is also possible that the
[10:10] 96 tn Heb “struck them down with a great striking down.”
[10:11] 97 tn Heb “on the descent of.”
[10:11] 98 tn Or “heaven” (also in v. 13). The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.
[10:12] 100 tn Heb “Then Joshua spoke to the
[10:13] 103 tn Heb “Is it not written down in the Scroll of the Upright One.” Many modern translations render, “the Scroll [or Book] of Jashar,” leaving the Hebrew name “Jashar” (which means “Upright One”) untranslated.
[10:13] 104 tn Heb “and did not hurry to set [for] about a full day.”
[10:14] 106 tn Heb “listened to the voice of.”
[10:16] 109 tn Heb “these five kings.”
[10:18] 112 tn Heb “and appoint by it men to guard them.”
[10:19] 115 tn Heb “But [as for] you, don’t stand still, chase after your enemies and attack them from the rear.”
[10:19] 116 tn Or “enter into.”
[10:19] 117 tn Heb “has given them into your hand.” The verbal form is a perfect of certitude, emphasizing the certainty of the action.
[10:20] 118 tn Heb “When Joshua and the sons of Israel finished defeating them with a very great defeat until they were destroyed (now the survivors escaped to the fortified cities).” In the Hebrew text the initial temporal clause (“when Joshua…finished”) is subordinated to v. 21 (“the whole army returned”).
[10:21] 121 tn Heb “all the people returned to the camp, to Joshua [at] Makkedah [in] peace.”
[10:21] 122 tc Heb “No man.” The lamed (ל) prefixed to אִישׁ (’ish, “man”) is probably dittographic (note the immediately preceding יִשְׂרָאֵל [isra’el] which ends in lamed, ל); cf. the LXX.
[10:21] 123 tn Heb “no man sharpened [or perhaps, “pointed”] his tongue against the sons of Israel.” Cf. NEB “not a man of the Israelites suffered so much as a scratch on his tongue,” which understands “sharpened” as “scratched” (referring to a minor wound). Most modern translations understand the Hebrew expression “sharpened his tongue” figuratively for opposition or threats against the Israelites.
[10:22] 124 tn Heb “these five kings.”
[10:23] 127 tn Heb “they did so.”
[10:23] 128 tn Heb “these five kings.”
[10:23] 129 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[10:24] 130 tn Heb “Joshua.” The translation has replaced the proper name with the pronoun (“he”) because a repetition of the proper name here would be redundant according to English style.
[10:24] 131 tn Or “Draw near.”
[10:24] 132 tn Or “drew near.”
[10:25] 133 tn Or perhaps “and don’t get discouraged!”
[10:26] 136 tn Heb “struck them down and killed them.”
[10:27] 139 sn For the legal background of the removal of the corpses before sundown, see Deut 21:22-23.
[10:27] 140 tn Heb “to this very day.” The words “They remain” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[10:28] 142 map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[10:29] 145 tn Heb “Libnah.” Repetition of the proper name here would be redundant according to English style, so the pronoun (“it”) has been employed in the translation.
[10:30] 148 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:30] 149 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:30] 150 tn Heb “He”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:30] 151 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:30] 152 map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[10:31] 151 tn Heb “encamped against it.”
[10:32] 154 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:34] 160 tn Heb “they encamped against it.”
[10:35] 163 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:35] 164 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:37] 166 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:37] 167 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:37] 168 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:39] 169 tn Heb “He”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:39] 170 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:39] 171 tn Heb “He”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:39] 172 tn Heb “he”; the implied subject may be Israel, or Joshua (as the commanding general of the army).
[10:39] 173 tn Heb “as he did to Hebron, so he did to Debir and its king, and as he did to Libnah and its king.” The clauses have been rearranged in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[10:40] 172 tn Or “foothills”; Heb “the Shephelah.”
[10:41] 175 tn Heb “and Joshua struck them down, from Kadesh Barnea even to Gaza, and all the land of Goshen, even to Gibeon.”
[10:42] 178 tn Heb “at one time.”
[11:1] 181 map For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.
[11:1] 182 tn Heb “he sent to.”
[11:2] 184 tn Heb “and to the kings who [are] from the north in.”
[11:2] 185 tn Heb “Chinneroth,” a city and plain located in the territory of Naphtali in Galilee (BDB 490 s.v. כִּנֶּרֶת, כִּנֲרוֹת).
[11:3] 187 tn The verb “came” is supplied in the translation (see v. 4).
[11:4] 190 tn Heb “They and all their camps with them came out, a people as numerous as the sand which is on the edge of the sea in multitude, and [with] horses and chariots very numerous.”
[11:5] 193 tn Heb “and came and camped together.”
[11:6] 196 tn Heb “burn with fire”; the words “with fire” are redundant in English and have not been included in the translation.
[11:7] 199 tn Heb “Joshua and all the people of war with him came upon them at the Waters of Merom suddenly and fell upon them.”
[11:8] 202 map For location see Map1 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.
[11:8] 203 tn The meaning of the Hebrew name “Misrephoth Maim” is perhaps “lime-kilns by the water” (see HALOT 2:641).
[11:9] 205 tn Heb “burned with fire”; the words “with fire” are redundant in English and have not been included in the translation.
[11:10] 208 map For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.
[11:11] 211 tn Heb “and they struck down all life which was in it with the edge of the sword, annihilating.”
[11:11] 212 tn Heb “burned with fire”; the words “with fire” are redundant in English and have not been included in the translation.
[11:12] 214 tn Heb “and he struck them down with the edge of the sword, he annihilated them.”
[11:13] 217 tn Heb “standing on their mounds.”
[11:13] 218 map For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.
[11:14] 220 tn Heb “but all the people they struck down with the edge of the sword until they destroyed them.”
[11:15] 223 tn Heb “As the
[11:16] 226 tn Heb “Joshua took all this land.”
[11:16] 227 tn Or “foothills”; Heb “the Shephelah.”
[11:17] 229 tn Heb “and struck them down and killed them.”
[11:18] 232 tn Heb “made war with.”
[11:18] 233 tn Heb “for many days.”
[11:19] 235 tn The LXX omits this parenthetical note, which may represent a later scribal addition.
[11:19] 236 tn Heb “the whole they took in battle.”
[11:20] 238 tn Heb “for from the
[11:21] 241 tn Heb “went and cut off the Anakites from the hill country.”
[11:21] 242 tn Heb “and from all the hill country of Israel.”
[11:23] 245 tn Heb “according to all which the
[11:23] 246 tn Heb “and Joshua gave it for an inheritance to Israel according to their allotted portions by their tribes.”
[9:25] 250 tn Heb “they ate and were sated.” This expression is a hendiadys. The first verb retains its full verbal sense, while the second functions adverbially: “they ate and were filled” = “they ate until they were full.”
[78:54] 253 tn Heb “this mountain.” The whole land of Canaan seems to be referred to here. In Exod 15:17 the promised land is called the “mountain of your [i.e., God’s] inheritance.”
[78:54] 254 tn The “right hand” here symbolizes God’s military strength (see v. 55).
[78:55] 256 tn Heb “he caused to fall [to] them with a measuring line an inheritance.”
[78:55] 257 tn Heb “and caused the tribes of Israel to settle down in their tents.”
[105:44] 259 tn Heb “and the [product of the] work of peoples they possessed.”
[7:45] 262 tn Grk “And.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
[7:45] 263 tn Or “forefathers”; Grk “fathers.”
[7:45] 264 tn Or “forefathers”; Grk “fathers.”
[7:45] 265 tn Grk “In those days.”
[13:19] 265 tn Grk “And after.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
[13:19] 266 tn The participle καθελών (kaqelwn) is taken temporally.
[13:19] 267 sn Seven nations. See Deut 7:1.
[13:19] 268 tn Grk “he gave their land as an inheritance.” The words “his people” are supplied to complete an ellipsis specifying the recipients of the land.
