Jude 1:6

1:6 You also know that ¹  the angels who did not keep within their proper domain ²  but abandoned their own place of residence, he has kept ³  in eternal chains ⁴  in utter ⁵  darkness, locked up ⁶  for the judgment of the great Day.

Jude 1:13

1:13 wild sea waves, ⁷  spewing out the foam of ⁸  their shame; ⁹  wayward stars ¹⁰  for whom the utter depths of eternal darkness ¹¹  have been reserved.

Jude 1:16

1:16 These people are grumblers and ¹²  fault-finders who go ¹³  wherever their desires lead them, ¹⁴  and they give bombastic speeches, ¹⁵  enchanting folks ¹⁶  for their own gain. ¹⁷ 

[1:6]  ¹ tn Grk “and.” Verse 6 is a continuation of the same sentence begun in v. 5. Due to the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[1:6]  ² tn Grk “who did not keep their own domain.”

[1:6]  ³ sn There is an interesting play on words used in this verse. Because the angels did not keep their proper place, Jesus has kept them chained up in another place. The same verb keep is used in v. 1 to describe believers’ status before God and Christ.

[1:6]  ⁴ sn In 2 Pet 2:4 a less common word for chains is used.

[1:6]  ⁵ tn The word ζόφος (zofos, “utter, deepest darkness”) is used only five times in the NT: two in 2 Peter, two in Jude, and one in Hebrews. Jude 6 parallels 2 Pet 2:4; Jude 13 parallels 2 Pet 2:17.

[1:6]  ⁶ tn The words “locked up” are not in Greek, but is expressed in English as a resumptive point after the double prepositional phrase (“in eternal chains in utter darkness”).

[1:13]  ⁷ tn Grk “wild waves of the sea.”

[1:13]  ⁸ tn Grk “foaming, causing to foam.” The verb form is intensive and causative. BDAG 360 s.v. ἐπαφρίζω suggests the meaning “to cause to splash up like froth, cause to foam,” or, in this context, “waves casting up their own shameless deeds like (dirty) foam.”

[1:13]  ⁹ tn Grk “shames, shameful things.” It is uncertain whether shameful deeds or shameful words are in view. Either way, the picture has taken a decided turn: Though waterless clouds and fruitless trees may promise good things, but deliver nothing, wild sea-waves are portents of filth spewed forth from the belly of the sea.

[1:13]  ¹⁰ sn The imagery of a star seems to fit the nautical theme that Jude is developing. Stars were of course the guides to sailors at night, just as teachers are responsible to lead the flock through a benighted world. But false teachers, as wayward stars, are not fixed and hence offer unreliable, even disastrous guidance. They are thus both the dangerous reefs on which the ships could be destroyed and the false guides, leading them into these rocks. There is a special irony that these lights will be snuffed out, reserved for the darkest depths of eternal darkness.

[1:13]  ¹¹ tn Grk “utter darkness of darkness for eternity.” See note on the word “utter” in v. 6.

[1:16]  ¹³ tn “And” is not in Greek, but is supplied for the sake of English style.

[1:16]  ¹⁴ tn Or “going.” Though the participle is anarthrous, so also is the subject. Thus, the participle could be either adverbial or adjectival.

[1:16]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “(who go/going) according to their own lusts.”

[1:16]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “and their mouth speaks bombastic things.”

[1:16]  ¹⁷ sn Enchanting folks (Grk “awing faces”) refers to the fact that the speeches of these false teachers are powerful and seductive.

[1:16]  ¹⁸ tn Or “to their own advantage.”