Lamentations 5:3

5:3 We have become fatherless orphans;

our mothers have become widows.

Lamentations 2:12

ל (Lamed)

2:12 Children ¹  say to their mothers, ² 

“Where are food and drink?” ³ 

They faint ⁴  like a wounded warrior

in the city squares.

They die slowly ⁵ 

in their mothers’ arms. ⁶ 

Lamentations 2:20

Jerusalem Speaks:

ר (Resh)

2:20 Look, O Lord! Consider! ⁷ 

Whom have you ever afflicted ⁸  like this?

Should women eat their offspring, ⁹ 

their healthy infants? ¹⁰ 

Should priest and prophet

be killed in the Lord’s ¹¹  sanctuary?

[2:12]  ¹ tn Heb “they”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[2:12]  ² tn Heb “to their mother,” understood as a collective singular.

[2:12]  ³ tn Heb “Where is bread and wine?” The terms “bread” and “wine” are synecdoches of specific (= bread, wine) for general (= food, drink).

[2:12]  ⁴ tn Heb “as they faint” or “when they faint.”

[2:12]  ⁵ tn Heb “as their life is poured out.” The term בְּהִשְׁתַּפֵּךְ (bÿhishtappekh), Hitpael infinitive construct + the preposition בּ (bet), from שָׁפַךְ (shafakh, “to pour out”) may be rendered “as they expire” (BDB 1050 s.v. שָׁפַךְ), referring to the process of dying. Note the repetition of the word “pour out” with various direct objects in this poem at 2:4, 11, 12, and 19.

[2:12]  ⁶ tn Heb “chest, lap.”

[2:20]  ¹ tn Heb “Look, O Lord! See!” When used in collocation with verbs of cognition, רָאָה (ra’ah) means “to see for oneself” or “to take notice” (1 Sam 26:12). The parallelism between seeing and understanding is often emphasized (e.g., Exod 16:6; Isa 5:19; 29:15; Job 11:11; Eccl 6:5). See also 1:11 and cf. 1:9, 12, 20; 3:50, 59, 60; 5:1.

[2:20]  ² tn For the nuance “afflict” see the note at 1:12.

[2:20]  ³ tn Heb “their fruit.” The term פְּרִי (pÿri, “fruit”) is used figuratively to refer to children as the fruit of a mother’s womb (e.g., Gen 30:2; Deut 7:13; 28:4, 11, 18, 53; 30:9; Pss 21:11; 127:3; 132:11; Isa 13:18; Mic 6:7).

[2:20]  ⁴ tn Heb “infants of healthy childbirth.” The genitive-construct phrase עֹלֲלֵי טִפֻּחִים (’olale tippukhim) functions as an attributive genitive construction: “healthy newborn infants.” The noun טִפֻּחִים (tippukhim) appears only here. It is related to the verb טָפַח (tafakh), meaning “to give birth to a healthy child” or “to raise children” depending on whether the Arabic or Akkadian cognate is emphasized. For the related verb, see below at 2:22.

[2:20]  ⁵ tc The MT reads אֲדֹנָי (’adonay, “the Lord”) here rather than יהוה (YHWH, “the Lord”) as at the beginning of the verse. See the tc note at 1:14.