Leviticus 24:11-16

24:11 The Israelite woman’s son misused the Name and cursed, ¹  so they brought him to Moses. (Now his mother’s name was Shelomith daughter of Dibri, of the tribe of Dan.) 24:12 So they placed him in custody until they were able ²  to make a clear legal decision for themselves based on words from the mouth of the Lord. ³ 

24:13 Then the Lord spoke to Moses: 24:14 “Bring the one who cursed outside the camp, and all who heard him are to lay their hands on his head, and the whole congregation is to stone him to death. ⁴  24:15 Moreover, ⁵  you are to tell the Israelites, ‘If any man curses his God ⁶  he will bear responsibility for his sin, 24:16 and one who misuses ⁷  the name of the Lord must surely be put to death. The whole congregation must surely stone him, whether he is a foreigner or a native citizen; when he misuses the Name he must be put to death.

Mark 7:22

7:22 adultery, greed, evil, deceit, debauchery, envy, slander, pride, and folly.

Mark 7:1

Breaking Human Traditions

7:1 Now ⁸  the Pharisees ⁹  and some of the experts in the law ¹⁰  who came from Jerusalem ¹¹  gathered around him.

Mark 1:13

1:13 He was in the wilderness forty days, ¹²  enduring temptations from Satan. He ¹³  was with wild animals, and angels were ministering to his needs. ¹⁴ 

Mark 1:20

1:20 Immediately he called them, and they left their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired men and followed him.

James 2:7

2:7 Do they not blaspheme the good name of the one you belong to? ¹⁵ 

Jude 1:8

1:8 Yet these men, ¹⁶  as a result of their dreams, ¹⁷  defile the flesh, reject authority, ¹⁸  and insult ¹⁹  the glorious ones. ²⁰ 

Revelation 16:9

16:9 Thus ²¹  people ²²  were scorched by the terrible heat, ²³  yet ²⁴  they blasphemed the name of God, who has ruling authority ²⁵  over these plagues, and they would not repent and give him glory.

[24:11]  ¹ tn The verb rendered “misused” means literally “to bore through, to pierce” (HALOT 719 s.v. נקב qal); it is from נָקַב (naqav), not קָבַב (qavav; see the participial form in v. 16a). Its exact meaning here is uncertain. The two verbs together may form a hendiadys, “he pronounced by cursing blasphemously” (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 166), the idea being one of the following: (1) he pronounced the name “Yahweh” in a way or with words that amounted to “some sort of verbal aggression against Yahweh himself” (E. S. Gerstenberger, Leviticus [OTL], 362), (2) he pronounced a curse against the man using the name “Yahweh” (N. H. Snaith, Leviticus and Numbers [NCBC], 110; G. J. Wenham, Leviticus [NICOT], 311), or (3) he pronounced the name “Yahweh” and thereby blasphemed, since the “Name” was never to be pronounced (a standard Jewish explanation). In one way or another, the offense surely violated Exod 20:7, one of the ten commandments, and the same verb for cursing is used explicitly in Exod 22:28 (27 HT) prohibition against “cursing” God. For a full discussion of these and related options for interpreting this verse see P. J. Budd, Leviticus (NCBC), 335-36; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 408-9; and Levine, 166.

[24:12]  ² tn The words “until they were able” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.

[24:12]  ³ tn The Hebrew here is awkward. A literal reading would be something like the following: “And they placed him in custody to give a clear decision [HALOT 976 s.v. פרשׁ qal] for themselves on the mouth of the Lord.” In any case, they were apparently waiting for a direct word from the Lord regarding this matter (see vv. 13ff).

[24:14]  ⁴ tn The words “to death” are supplied in the translation as a clarification; they are clearly implied from v. 16.

[24:15]  ⁵ tn Heb “And.”

[24:15]  ⁶ sn See the note on v. 11 above and esp. Exod 22:28 [27 HT].

[24:16]  ⁷ sn See the note on v. 11 above.

[7:1]  ⁸ tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.

[7:1]  ⁹ sn See the note on Pharisees in 2:16.

[7:1]  ¹⁰ tn Or “and some of the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 1:22.

[7:1]  ¹¹ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[1:13]  ¹² sn The forty days may allude to the experience of Moses (Exod 34:28), Elijah (1 Kgs 19:8, 15), or David and Goliath (1 Sam 17:16).

[1:13]  ¹³ tn Grk “And he.”

[1:13]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “were serving him,” “were ministering to him.”

[2:7]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “that was invoked over you,” referring to their baptism in which they confessed their faith in Christ and were pronounced to be his own. To have the Lord’s name “named over them” is OT imagery for the Lord’s ownership of his people (cf. 2 Chr 7:14; Amos 9:12; Isa 63:19; Jer 14:9; 15:16; Dan 9:19; Acts 15:17).

[1:8]  ¹⁶ tn The reference is now to the false teachers.

[1:8]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “dreaming.” The participle ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι (enupniazomenoi, “dreaming”) is adverbial to the pronoun οὗτοι (|outoi, “these”), though the particular relationship is not clear. It could mean, “while dreaming,” “by dreaming,” or “because of dreaming.” This translation has adopted the last option as Jude’s meaning, partially for syntactical reasons (the causal participle usually precedes the main verb) and partially for contextual reasons (these false teachers must derive their authority from some source, and the dreams provide the most obvious base). The participle ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι was sometimes used of apocalyptic visions, both of true and false prophets. This seems to be the meaning here.

[1:8]  ¹⁸ tn Most likely, the authority of the Lord is in view. This verse, then, echoes the indictment of v. 4: “they deny our Master and Lord, Jesus Christ.”

[1:8]  ¹⁹ tn The construction with the three verbs (“defile, “reject,” and “insult”) involves the particles μέν, δέ, δέ (men, de, de). A more literal (and pedantic) translation would be: “on the one hand, they defile the flesh, on the other hand, they reject authority, and on another hand, they insult the glorious ones.”

[1:8]  ²⁰ sn The glorious ones refers to angelic beings rather than mere human beings, just as in 2 Pet 2:10 (on which this passage apparently depends). Whether the angelic beings are good or evil, however, is difficult to tell (hence, the translation is left ambiguous). However, both in 2 Pet 2:11 and here, in Jude 9, the wicked angels seem to be in view (for not even Michael insults them).

[16:9]  ²¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the bowl poured on the sun.

[16:9]  ²² tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.

[16:9]  ²³ tn On this phrase BDAG 536 s.v. καῦμα states, “burning, heat Rv 7:16…καυματίζεσθαι κ. μέγα be burned with a scorching heat 16:9.”

[16:9]  ²⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

[16:9]  ²⁵ tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.