Leviticus 1:3

Burnt Offering Regulations: Animal from the Herd

1:3 “‘If his offering is a burnt offering ¹  from the herd he must present it as a flawless male; he must present it at the entrance ²  of the Meeting Tent for its ³  acceptance before the Lord.

Leviticus 5:6

5:6 and he must bring his penalty for guilt ⁴  to the Lord for his sin that he has committed, a female from the flock, whether a female sheep or a female goat, for a sin offering. So the priest will make atonement ⁵  on his behalf for ⁶  his sin.

Leviticus 5:10

5:10 The second bird ⁷  he must make a burnt offering according to the standard regulation. ⁸  So the priest will make atonement ⁹  on behalf of this person for ¹⁰  his sin which he has committed, and he will be forgiven. ¹¹ 

Leviticus 5:13

5:13 So the priest will make atonement ¹²  on his behalf for his sin which he has committed by doing one of these things, ¹³  and he will be forgiven. ¹⁴  The remainder of the offering ¹⁵  will belong to the priest like the grain offering.’” ¹⁶ 

Leviticus 5:17

Unknown trespass

5:17 “If a person sins and violates any of the Lord’s commandments which must not be violated ¹⁷  (although he did not know it at the time, ¹⁸  but later realizes he is guilty), then he will bear his punishment for iniquity ¹⁹ 

Leviticus 6:2

6:2 “When a person sins and commits a trespass ²⁰  against the Lord by deceiving his fellow citizen ²¹  in regard to something held in trust, or a pledge, or something stolen, or by extorting something from his fellow citizen, ²² 

Leviticus 9:3

9:3 Then tell the Israelites: ‘Take a male goat ²³  for a sin offering and a calf and lamb, both a year old and flawless, ²⁴  for a burnt offering,

Leviticus 15:19

Female Bodily Discharges

15:19 “‘When a woman has a discharge ²⁵  and her discharge is blood from her body, ²⁶  she is to be in her menstruation ²⁷  seven days, and anyone who touches her will be unclean until evening.

Leviticus 19:8

19:8 and the one who eats it will bear his punishment for iniquity ²⁸  because he has profaned ²⁹  what is holy to the Lord. ³⁰  That person will be cut off from his people. ³¹ 

Leviticus 22:21

22:21 If a man presents a peace offering sacrifice to the Lord for a special votive offering ³²  or for a freewill offering from the herd or the flock, it must be flawless to be acceptable; ³³  it must have no flaw. ³⁴ 

Leviticus 27:23

27:23 the priest will calculate for him the amount of its conversion value until the jubilee year, and he must pay ³⁵  the conversion value on that jubilee day as something that is holy to the Lord.

[1:3]  ¹ sn The burnt offering (עֹלָה, ’olah) was basically a “a gift of a soothing aroma to the Lord” (vv. 9, 13, 17). It could serve as a votive or freewill offering (e.g., Lev 22:18-20), an accompaniment of prayer and supplication (e.g., 1 Sam 7:9-10), part of the regular daily, weekly, monthly, and festival cultic pattern (e.g., Num 28-29), or to make atonement either alone (e.g., Lev 1:4; 16:24) or in combination with the grain offering (e.g., Lev 14:20) or sin offering (e.g., Lev 5:7; 9:7). See R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 4:996-1022.

[1:3]  ² tn Heb “door” (so KJV, ASV); NASB “doorway” (likewise throughout the book of Leviticus). The translation “door” or “doorway” may suggest a framed door in a casing to the modern reader, but here the term refers to the entrance to a tent.

[1:3]  ³ tn The NIV correctly has “it” in the text, referring to the acceptance of the animal (cf., e.g., RSV, NEB, NLT), but “he” in the margin, referring to the acceptance of the offerer (cf. ASV, NASB, JB). The reference to a “flawless male” in the first half of this verse suggests that the issue here is the acceptability of the animal to make atonement on behalf of the offerer (Lev 1:4; cf. NRSV “for acceptance in your behalf”).

[5:6]  ⁴ tn In this context the word for “guilt” (אָשָׁם, ’asham) refers to the “penalty” for incurring guilt, the so-called consequential אָשָׁם (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:303; cf. the note on Lev 5:1).

[5:6]  ⁵ sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

[5:6]  ⁶ tn See the note on 4:26 regarding the use of מִן (min).

[5:10]  ⁷ tn The word “bird” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarity.

[5:10]  ⁸ sn The term “[standard] regulation” (מִשְׁפָּט, mishppat) here refers to the set of regulations for burnt offering birds in Lev 1:14-17.

[5:10]  ⁹ sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

[5:10]  ¹⁰ tn See the note on 4:26 with regard to מִן, min.

[5:10]  ¹¹ tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).

[5:13]  ¹⁰ sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

[5:13]  ¹¹ tn Heb “from one from these,” referring to the four kinds of violations of the law delineated in Lev 5:1-4 (see the note on Lev 5:5 above and cf. Lev 4:27).

[5:13]  ¹² tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).

[5:13]  ¹³ tn Heb “and it”; the referent (the remaining portion of the offering) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[5:13]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “and it shall be to the priest like the grain offering,” referring to the rest of the grain that was not offered on the altar (cf. the regulations in Lev 2:3, 10).

[5:17]  ¹³ tn Heb “and does one from all of the commandments of the Lord which must not be done.”

[5:17]  ¹⁴ tn The words “at the time” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.

[5:17]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “and he did not know, and he shall be guilty and he shall bear his iniquity” (for the rendering “bear his punishment [for iniquity]”) see the note on Lev 5:1.) This portion of v. 17 is especially difficult. The translation offered here suggests (as in many other English versions) that the offender did not originally know that he had violated the Lord’s commandments, but then came to know it and dealt with it accordingly (cf. the corresponding sin offering section in Lev 5:1-4). Another possibility is that it refers to a situation where a person suspects that he violated something although he does not recollect it. Thus, he brings a guilt offering for his suspected violation (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:331-34, 361-63). See also R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 1:561-62.

[6:2]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “trespasses a trespass” (verb and direct object from the same Hebrew root מַעַל, ma’al). See the note on 5:15.

[6:2]  ¹⁷ tn Or “neighbor” (ASV, NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT); NASB “companion”; TEV “a fellow-Israelite.”

[6:2]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “has extorted his neighbor”; ASV “oppressed”; NRSV “defrauded.”

[9:3]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “a he-goat of goats.”

[9:3]  ²⁰ tn Heb “and a calf and a lamb, sons of a year, flawless”; KJV, ASV, NRSV “without blemish”; NASB, NIV “without defect”; NLT “with no physical defects.”

[15:19]  ²² tn See the note on Lev 15:2 above.

[15:19]  ²³ tn Heb “blood shall be her discharge in her flesh.” The term “flesh” here refers euphemistically to the female sexual area (cf. the note on v. 2 above).

[15:19]  ²⁴ tn See the note on Lev 12:2 and R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 1:925-27.

[19:8]  ²⁵ tn See the note on Lev 17:16 above.

[19:8]  ²⁶ sn Regarding “profaned,” see the note on Lev 10:10 above.

[19:8]  ²⁷ tn Heb “the holiness of the Lord.”

[19:8]  ²⁸ sn On the “cut off” penalty see the note on Lev 7:20.

[22:21]  ²⁸ tn The meaning of the expression לְפַלֵּא־נֶדֶר (lÿfalle’-neder) rendered here “for a special votive offering” is much debated. Some take it as an expression for fulfilling a vow, “to fulfill a vow” (e.g., HALOT 927-28 s.v. פלא piel and NASB; cf. NAB, NRSV “in fulfillment of a vow”) or, alternatively, “to make a vow” or “for making a vow” (HALOT 928 s.v. פלא piel [II פלא]). Perhaps it refers to the making a special vow, from the verb פָלַא (pala’, “to be wonderful, to be remarkable”); cf. J. Milgrom, Numbers (JPSTC), 44. B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 151 and 193, suggests that this is a special term for “setting aside a votive offering” (related to פָלָה [palah, “to set aside”]). In general, the point of the expression seems to be that this sacrifice arises as a special gift to God out of special circumstances in the life of the worshiper.

[22:21]  ²⁹ tn Heb “for acceptance”; NAB “if it is to find acceptance.”

[22:21]  ³⁰ tn Heb “all/any flaw shall not be in it.”

[27:23]  ³¹ tn Heb “give” (so KJV, ASV, NASB, NLT).