Leviticus 1:4

1:4 He must lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering, and it will be accepted for him to make atonement ¹  on his behalf.

Leviticus 4:29

4:29 He must lay his hand on the head of the sin offering and slaughter ²  the sin offering in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered.

Leviticus 9:22

9:22 Then Aaron lifted up his hands toward the people and blessed them and descended from making the sin offering, the burnt offering, and the peace offering.

Leviticus 14:30

14:30 “He will then make one of the turtledoves ³  or young pigeons, which are within his means, ⁴ 

Leviticus 14:32

14:32 This is the law of the one in whom there is a diseased infection, ⁵  who does not have sufficient means for his purification.” ⁶ 

Leviticus 25:26

25:26 If a man has no redeemer, but he prospers ⁷  and gains enough for its redemption, ⁸ 

Leviticus 25:35

Debt and Slave Regulations

25:35 “‘If your brother ⁹  becomes impoverished and is indebted to you, ¹⁰  you must support ¹¹  him; he must live ¹²  with you like a foreign resident. ¹³ 

[1:4]  ¹ tn “To make atonement” is the standard translation of the Hebrew term כִּפֶּר, (kipper); cf. however TEV “as a sacrifice to take away his sins” (CEV similar). The English word derives from a combination of “at” plus Middle English “one[ment],” referring primarily to reconciliation or reparation that is made in order to accomplish reconciliation. The primary meaning of the Hebrew verb, however, is “to wipe [something off (or on)]” (see esp. the goal of the sin offering, Lev 4, “to purge” the tabernacle from impurities), but in some cases it refers metaphorically to “wiping away” anything that might stand in the way of good relations by bringing a gift (see, e.g., Gen 32:20 [21 HT], “to appease; to pacify” as an illustration of this). The translation “make atonement” has been retained here because, ultimately, the goal of either purging or appeasing was to maintain a proper relationship between the Lord (who dwelt in the tabernacle) and Israelites in whose midst the tabernacle was pitched (see R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:689-710 for a full discussion of the Hebrew word meaning “to make atonement” and its theological significance).

[4:29]  ² tc The LXX has a plural form here (see v. 24 above and the note on Lev 1:5a).

[14:30]  ³ tn Heb “the one from the turtledoves.”

[14:30]  ⁴ tc Heb “from which his hand reaches.” The repetition of virtually the same expression at the beginning of v. 31 in the MT is probably due to dittography (cf. the LXX and Syriac). However, the MT may be retained if it is understood as “one of the turtledoves or young pigeons that are within his means – whichever he can afford” (see J. Milgrom’s translation in Leviticus [AB], 1:828, contra his commentary, 862; cf. REB).

[14:32]  ⁴ tn Heb “This is the law of who in him [is] a diseased infection.”

[14:32]  ⁵ tn Heb “who his hand does not reach in his purification”; NASB “whose means are limited for his cleansing”; NIV “who cannot afford the regular offerings for his cleansing.”

[25:26]  ⁵ tn Heb “and his hand reaches.”

[25:26]  ⁶ tn Heb “and he finds as sufficiency of its redemption.”

[25:35]  ⁶ tn It is not clear to whom this refers. It is probably broader than “sibling” (cf. NRSV “any of your kin”; NLT “any of your Israelite relatives”) but some English versions take it to mean “fellow Israelite” (so TEV; cf. NAB, NIV “countrymen”) and others are ambiguous (cf. CEV “any of your people”).

[25:35]  ⁷ tn Heb “and his hand slips with you.”

[25:35]  ⁸ tn Heb “strengthen”; NASB “sustain.”

[25:35]  ⁹ tn The form וָחַי (vakhay, “and shall live”) looks like the adjective “living,” but the MT form is simply the same verb written as a double ayin verb (see HALOT 309 s.v. חיה qal, and GKC 218 §76.i; cf. Lev 18:5).

[25:35]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “a foreigner and resident,” which is probably to be combined (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 170-71).