Discovery BoxLeviticus 11:21-47
Context11:21 However, this you may eat from all the winged swarming things that walk on all fours, which have jointed legs 1 to hop with on the land. 11:22 These you may eat from them: 2 the locust of any kind, the bald locust of any kind, the cricket of any kind, the grasshopper of any kind. 11:23 But any other winged swarming thing that has four legs is detestable to you.
11:24 “‘By these 3 you defile yourselves; anyone who touches their carcass will be unclean until the evening, 11:25 and anyone who carries their carcass must wash his clothes and will be unclean until the evening.
11:26 “‘All 4 animals that divide the hoof but it is not completely split in two 5 and do not chew the cud 6 are unclean to you; anyone who touches them becomes unclean. 7 11:27 All that walk on their paws among all the creatures that walk on all fours 8 are unclean to you. Anyone who touches their carcass will be unclean until the evening, 11:28 and the one who carries their carcass must wash his clothes and be unclean until the evening; they are unclean to you.
11:29 “‘Now this is what is unclean to you among the swarming things that swarm on the land: 9 the rat, the mouse, the large lizard of any kind, 11:30 the Mediterranean gecko, the spotted lizard, the wall gecko, the skink, and the chameleon. 11:31 These are the ones that are unclean to you among all the swarming things. Anyone who touches them when they die will be unclean until evening. 11:32 Also, anything they fall on 10 when they die will become unclean – any wood vessel or garment or article of leather or sackcloth. Any such vessel with which work is done must be immersed in water 11 and will be unclean until the evening. Then it will become clean. 11:33 As for any clay vessel they fall into, 12 everything in it 13 will become unclean and you must break it. 11:34 Any food that may be eaten which becomes soaked with water 14 will become unclean. Anything drinkable 15 in any such vessel will become unclean. 16 11:35 Anything their carcass may fall on will become unclean. An oven or small stove must be smashed to pieces; they are unclean, and they will stay unclean 17 to you. 11:36 However, a spring or a cistern which collects water 18 will be clean, but one who touches their carcass will be unclean. 11:37 Now, if such a carcass falls on any sowing seed which is to be sown, 19 it is clean, 11:38 but if water is put on the seed and such a carcass falls on it, it is unclean to you.
11:39 “‘Now if an animal 20 that you may eat dies, 21 whoever touches its carcass will be unclean until the evening. 11:40 One who eats from its carcass must wash his clothes and be unclean until the evening, and whoever carries its carcass must wash his clothes and be unclean until the evening. 11:41 Every swarming thing that swarms on the land is detestable; it must not be eaten. 11:42 You must not eat anything that crawls 22 on its belly or anything that walks on all fours or on any number of legs 23 of all the swarming things that swarm on the land, because they are detestable. 11:43 Do not make yourselves detestable by any of the swarming things. 24 You must not defile yourselves by them and become unclean by them, 11:44 for I am the Lord your God and you are to sanctify yourselves and be holy because I am holy. You must not defile yourselves by any of the swarming things that creep on the ground, 11:45 for I am the Lord who brought you up from the land of Egypt to be your God, 25 and you are to be holy because I am holy. 11:46 This is the law 26 of the land animals, the birds, all the living creatures that move in the water, and all the creatures 27 that swarm on the land, 11:47 to distinguish between the unclean and the clean, between the living creatures that may be eaten and the living creatures that must not be eaten.’”
[11:21] 1 tn Heb “which to it are lower legs from above to its feet” (reading the Qere “to it” rather than the Kethib “not”).
[11:22] 2 tn For entomological remarks on the following list of insects see J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:665-66; and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 160-61.
[11:24] 3 tn Heb “and to these.”
[11:26] 4 tn Heb “to all” (cf. the note on v. 24). This and the following verses develop more fully the categories of uncleanness set forth in principle in vv. 24-25.
[11:26] 5 tn Heb “divides hoof and cleft it does not cleave”; KJV “divideth the hoof, and is not clovenfooted”; NLT “divided but unsplit hooves.”
[11:26] 6 tn See the note on Lev 11:3.
[11:26] 7 sn Compare the regulations in Lev 11:2-8.
[11:27] 8 tn Heb “the one walking on four.” Compare Lev 11:20-23.
[11:29] 9 tn For zoological analyses of the list of creatures in vv. 29-30, see J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:671-72; and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 161-62.
[11:32] 10 tn Heb “And all which it shall fall on it from them.”
[11:32] 11 tn Heb “in water it shall be brought.”
[11:33] 12 tn Heb “And any earthenware vessel which shall fall from them into its midst.”
[11:33] 13 tn Heb “all which is in its midst.”
[11:34] 14 tn Heb “which water comes on it.”
[11:34] 15 tn Heb “any drink which may be drunk”; NASB “any liquid which may be drunk”; NLT “any beverage that is in such an unclean container.”
[11:34] 16 tn This half of the verse assumes that the unclean carcass has fallen into the food or drink (cf. v. 33 and also vv. 35-38).
[11:35] 17 tn Heb “be unclean.”
[11:36] 18 tn Heb “a spring and a cistern collection of water”; NAB, NIV “for collecting water.”
[11:37] 19 tn Heb “And if there falls from their carcass on any seed of sowing which shall be sown.”
[11:39] 20 tn This word for “animal” refers to land animal quadrupeds, not just any beast that dwells on the land (cf. 11:2).
[11:39] 21 tn Heb “which is food for you” or “which is for you to eat.”
[11:42] 22 tn Heb “goes” (KJV, ASV “goeth”); NIV “moves about”; NLT “slither along.” The same Hebrew term is translated “walks” in the following clause.
[11:42] 23 tn Heb “until all multiplying of legs.”
[11:43] 24 tn Heb “by any of the swarming things that swarm.”
[11:45] 25 tn Heb “to be to you for a God.”
[11:46] 26 sn The Hebrew term translated “law” (תוֹרָה, torah) introduces here a summary or colophon for all of Lev 11. Similar summaries are found in Lev 7:37-38; 13:59; 14:54-57; and 15:32-33.
