Leviticus 16:29

Review of the Day of Atonement

16:29 “This is to be a perpetual statute for you. ¹  In the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you must humble yourselves ²  and do no work of any kind, ³  both the native citizen and the foreigner who resides ⁴  in your midst,

Leviticus 17:10

Prohibition against Eating Blood

17:10 “‘Any man ⁵  from the house of Israel or from the foreigners who reside ⁶  in their ⁷  midst who eats any blood, I will set my face against that person who eats the blood, and I will cut him off from the midst of his people, ⁸ 

Leviticus 17:13

17:13 “‘Any man from the Israelites ⁹  or from the foreigners who reside ¹⁰  in their ¹¹  midst who hunts a wild animal ¹²  or a bird that may be eaten ¹³  must pour out its blood and cover it with soil,

Leviticus 20:2

20:2 “You are to say to the Israelites, ‘Any man from the Israelites or from the foreigners who reside in Israel ¹⁴  who gives any of his children ¹⁵  to Molech ¹⁶  must be put to death; the people of the land must pelt him with stones. ¹⁷ 

Leviticus 22:18

22:18 “Speak to Aaron, his sons, and all the Israelites and tell them, ‘When any man ¹⁸  from the house of Israel or from the foreigners in Israel ¹⁹  presents his offering for any of the votive or freewill offerings which they present to the Lord as a burnt offering,

Leviticus 23:22

23:22 When you gather in the harvest ²⁰  of your land, you must not completely harvest the corner of your field, ²¹  and you must not gather up the gleanings of your harvest. You must leave them for the poor and the foreigner. I am the Lord your God.’” ²² 

[16:29]  ¹ tn Heb “And it [feminine] shall be for you a perpetual statute.” Verse 34 begins with the same clause except for the missing demonstrative pronoun “this” here in v. 29. The LXX has “this” in both places and it suits the sense of the passage, although both the verb and the pronoun are sometimes missing in this clause elsewhere in the book (see, e.g., Lev 3:17).

[16:29]  ² tn Heb “you shall humble your souls.” The verb “to humble” here refers to various forms of self-denial, including but not limited to fasting (cf. Ps 35:13 and Isa 58:3, 10). The Mishnah (m. Yoma 8:1) lists abstentions from food and drink, bathing, using oil as an unguent to moisten the skin, wearing leather sandals, and sexual intercourse (cf. 2 Sam 12:16-17, 20; see the remarks in J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:1054; B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 109; and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 242).

[16:29]  ³ tn Heb “and all work you shall not do.”

[16:29]  ⁴ tn Heb “the native and the sojourner who sojourns.”

[17:10]  ⁵ tn Heb “And man, man.” The repetition of the word “man” is distributive, meaning “any (or every) man” (GKC 395-96 §123.c; cf. Lev 15:2).

[17:10]  ⁶ tn Heb “from the sojourner who sojourns.”

[17:10]  ⁷ tc The LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate have “your” (plural) rather than “their.”

[17:10]  ⁸ tn Heb “I will give my faces against [literally “in”] the soul/person/life [נֶפֶשׁ, nefesh, feminine] who eats the blood and I will cut it [i.e., that נֶפֶשׁ, nefesh] off from the midst of its people.” The uses of נֶפֶשׁ in this and the following verse are most significant for the use of animal blood in Israel’s sacrificial system. Unfortunately, it is a most difficult word to translate accurately and consistently, and this presents a major problem for the rendering of these verses (see, e.g., G. J. Wenham, Leviticus [NICOT], 244-45). No matter which translation of נֶפֶשׁ one uses here, it is important to see that both man and animal have נֶפֶשׁ and that this נֶפֶשׁ is identified with the blood. See the further remarks on v. 11 below. On the “cutting off” penalty see the note on v. 4 above. In this instance, God takes it on himself to “cut off” the person (i.e., extirpation).

[17:13]  ⁹ tc A few medieval Hebrew mss, Smr, and Tg. Ps.-J. have “from the house of Israel” as in vv. 3, 8, and 10, but the LXX agrees with the MT.

[17:13]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “from the sojourner who sojourns.”

[17:13]  ¹¹ tc The LXX, Syriac, Vulgate, and certain mss of Smr have “your” (plural) rather than “their” (cf. v. 10 above).

[17:13]  ¹² tn Heb “[wild] game of animal.”

[17:13]  ¹³ tn That is, it must be a clean animal, not an unclean animal (cf. Lev 11).

[20:2]  ¹³ tn Heb “or from the sojourner who sojourns”; NAB “an alien residing in Israel.”

[20:2]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “his seed” (so KJV, ASV); likewise in vv. 3-4.

[20:2]  ¹⁵ tn Regarding Molech and Molech worship see the note on Lev 18:21.

[20:2]  ¹⁶ tn This is not the most frequently-used Hebrew verb for stoning (see instead סָקַל, saqal), but a word that refers to the action of throwing, slinging, or pelting someone with stones (רָגָם, ragam; see HALOT 1187 s.v. רגם qal.a, and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 136).

[22:18]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “Man, man.” The reduplication is a way of saying “any man” (cf. Lev 15:2; 17:3, etc.; see the distributive repetition of the noun in GKC 395-96 §123.c).

[22:18]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “and from the foreigner [singular] in Israel.” Some medieval Hebrew mss, Smr, LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate add “who resides” after “foreigner”: “the foreigner who resides in Israel” (cf., e.g., Lev 20:2 above).

[23:22]  ²¹ tn Heb “And when you harvest the harvest.”

[23:22]  ²² tn Heb “you shall not complete the corner of your field in your harvest.”

[23:22]  ²³ sn Compare Lev 19:9-10.