Leviticus 2:11

Additional Grain Offering Regulations

2:11 “‘No grain offering which you present to the Lord can be made with yeast, ¹  for you must not offer up in smoke any yeast or honey as a gift to the Lord. ² 

Leviticus 17:12

17:12 Therefore, I have said to the Israelites: No person among you is to eat blood, ³  and no resident foreigner who lives among you is to eat blood. ⁴ 

Leviticus 18:23

18:23 You must not have sexual intercourse ⁵  with any animal to become defiled with it, and a woman must not stand before an animal to have sexual intercourse with it; ⁶  it is a perversion. ⁷ 

Leviticus 19:9-10

Leaving the Gleanings

19:9 “‘When you gather in the harvest ⁸  of your land, you must not completely harvest the corner of your field, ⁹  and you must not gather up the gleanings of your harvest. 19:10 You must not pick your vineyard bare, ¹⁰  and you must not gather up the fallen grapes of your vineyard. You must leave them for the poor and the foreigner. I am the Lord your God.

Leviticus 19:13

19:13 You must not oppress your neighbor or commit robbery against him. ¹¹  You must not withhold ¹²  the wages of the hired laborer overnight until morning.

Leviticus 19:15

Justice, Love, and Propriety

19:15 “‘You ¹³  must not deal unjustly in judgment: ¹⁴  you must neither show partiality to the poor nor honor the rich. ¹⁵  You must judge your fellow citizen fairly. ¹⁶ 

Leviticus 21:7

21:7 They must not take a wife defiled by prostitution, ¹⁷  nor are they to take a wife divorced from her husband, ¹⁸  for the priest ¹⁹  is holy to his God. ²⁰ 

Leviticus 22:25

22:25 Even from a foreigner ²¹  you must not present the food of your God from such animals as these, for they are ruined and flawed; ²²  they will not be acceptable for your benefit.’”

Leviticus 25:4-5

25:4 but in the seventh year the land must have a Sabbath of complete rest ²³  – a Sabbath to the Lord. You must not sow your field or ²⁴  prune your vineyard. 25:5 You must not gather in the aftergrowth of your harvest and you must not pick the grapes of your unpruned ²⁵  vines; the land must have a year of complete rest.

Leviticus 27:20

27:20 If he does not redeem the field, but sells ²⁶  the field to someone else, he may never redeem it.

Leviticus 27:33

27:33 The owner ²⁷  must not examine the animals to distinguish between good and bad, and he must not exchange it. If, however, he does exchange it, ²⁸  both the original animal ²⁹  and its substitute will be holy. ³⁰  It must not be redeemed.’”

[2:11]  ¹ tn Heb “Every grain offering which you offer to the Lord must not be made leavened.” The noun “leaven” is traditional in English versions (cf. KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV), but “yeast” is more commonly used today.

[2:11]  ² tc A few Hebrew mss, Smr, LXX, and Tg. Ps.-J. have the verb “present” rather than “offer up in smoke,” but the MT is clearly correct. One could indeed present leavened and honey sweetened offerings as first fruit offerings, which were not burned on the altar (see v. 12 and the note there), but they could not be offered up in fire on the altar. Cf. the TEV’s ambiguous “you must never use yeast or honey in food offered to the Lord.”

[17:12]  ³ tn Heb “all/any person from you shall not eat blood.”

[17:12]  ⁴ tn Heb “and the sojourner, the one sojourning in your midst, shall not eat blood.”

[18:23]  ⁵ tn See the note on v. 20 above.

[18:23]  ⁶ tn Heb “to copulate with it” (cf. Lev 20:16).

[18:23]  ⁷ tn The Hebrew term תֶּבֶל (tevel, “perversion”) derives from the verb “to mix; to confuse” and therefore refers to illegitimate mixtures of species or violation of the natural order of things.

[19:9]  ⁷ tn Heb “And in your harvesting the harvest.”

[19:9]  ⁸ tn Heb “you shall not complete the corner of your field to harvest.”

[19:10]  ⁹ tn Heb “And you shall not deal severely with your vineyard.”

[19:13]  ¹¹ tn Heb “You shall not oppress your neighbor and you shall not rob.”

[19:13]  ¹² tn Heb “hold back with you”; perhaps “hold back for yourself” (cf. NRSV “keep for yourself”).

[19:15]  ¹³ tc Smr has the singular rather than the plural “you” of the MT, which brings this verb form into line with the ones surrounding it.

[19:15]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “You shall not do injustice in judgment” (NASB similar); cf. NIV “do not pervert justice.”

[19:15]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “You shall not lift up faces of poor [people] and you shall not honor faces of great.”

[19:15]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “In righteousness you shall judge your fellow citizen.”

[21:7]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “A wife harlot and profaned they shall not take.” The structure of the verse (e.g., “wife” at the beginning of the two main clauses) suggests that “harlot and profaned” constitutes a hendiadys, meaning “a wife defiled by harlotry” (see the explanation in B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 143, as opposed to that in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 343, 348; cf. v. 14 below). Cf. NASB “a woman who is profaned by harlotry.”

[21:7]  ¹⁶ sn For a helpful discussion of divorce in general and as it relates to this passage see B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 143-44.

[21:7]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the priest) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[21:7]  ¹⁸ tn The pronoun “he” in this clause refers to the priest, not the former husband of the divorced woman.

[22:25]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “And from the hand of a son of a foreigner.”

[22:25]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “for their being ruined [is] in them, flaw is in them”; NRSV “are mutilated, with a blemish in them”; NIV “are deformed and have defects.” The MT term מָשְׁחָתָם (moshkhatam, “their being ruined”) is a Muqtal form (= Hophal participle) from שָׁחַת (shakhat, “to ruin”). Smr has plural בהם משׁחתים (“deformities in them”; cf. the LXX translation). The Qumran Leviticus scroll (11QpaleoLev) has תימ הם[…], in which case the restored participle would appear to be the same as Smr, but there is no בְּ (bet) preposition before the pronoun, yielding “they are deformed” (see D. N. Freedman and K. A. Mathews, The Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll, 41 and the remarks in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 358).

[25:4]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “and in the seventh year a Sabbath of complete rest shall be to the land.” The expression “a Sabbath of complete rest” is superlative, emphasizing the full and all inclusive rest of the seventh year of the sabbatical cycle. Cf. ASV “a sabbath of solemn rest”; NAB “a complete rest.”

[25:4]  ²⁰ tn Heb “and.” Here the Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) has an alternative sense (“or”).

[25:5]  ²¹ tn Heb “consecrated, devoted, forbidden” (נָזִיר, nazir). The same term is used for the “consecration” of the “Nazirite” (and his hair, Num 6:2, 18, etc.), a designation which, in turn, derives from the very same root.

[27:20]  ²³ tn Heb “and if he sells.”

[27:33]  ²⁵ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the owner of the animal) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[27:33]  ²⁶ tn Heb “And if exchanging [infinitive absolute] he exchanges it [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.

[27:33]  ²⁷ tn Heb “it and its substitute.” The referent (the original animal offered) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[27:33]  ²⁸ tn Heb “it shall be and its substitute shall be holy.”