Leviticus 22:10

22:10 “‘No lay person ¹  may eat anything holy. Neither a priest’s lodger ²  nor a hired laborer may eat anything holy,

Leviticus 25:6

25:6 You may have the Sabbath produce ³  of the land to eat – you, your male servant, your female servant, your hired worker, the resident foreigner who stays with you, ⁴ 

Leviticus 25:23

25:23 The land must not be sold without reclaim ⁵  because the land belongs to me, for you are foreigners and residents with me. ⁶ 

Leviticus 25:35

Debt and Slave Regulations

25:35 “‘If your brother ⁷  becomes impoverished and is indebted to you, ⁸  you must support ⁹  him; he must live ¹⁰  with you like a foreign resident. ¹¹ 

Leviticus 25:40

25:40 He must be with you as a hired worker, as a resident foreigner; ¹²  he must serve with you until the year of jubilee,

Leviticus 25:45

25:45 Also you may buy slaves ¹³  from the children of the foreigners who reside with you, and from their families that are ¹⁴  with you, whom they have fathered in your land, they may become your property.

[22:10]  ¹ tn Heb “No stranger” (so KJV, ASV), which refers here to anyone other than the Aaronic priests. Some English versions reverse the negation and state positively: NIV “No one outside a priest’s family”; NRSV “Only a member of a priestly family”; CEV “Only you priests and your families.”

[22:10]  ² tn Heb “A resident [תּוֹשָׁב (toshav) from יָשַׁב (yashav, “to dwell, to reside”)] of a priest.” The meaning of the term is uncertain. It could refer to a “guest” (NIV) or perhaps “bound servant” (NRSV; see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 149). In the translation “lodger” was used instead of “boarder” precisely because a boarder would be provided meals with his lodging, the very issue at stake here.

[25:6]  ³ tn The word “produce” is not in the Hebrew text but is implied; cf. NASB “the sabbath products.”

[25:6]  ⁴ tn A “resident who stays” would be a foreign person who was probably residing as another kind of laborer in the household of a landowner (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 170-71). See v. 35 below.

[25:23]  ⁵ tn The term rendered “without reclaim” means that the land has been bought for the full price and is, therefore, not subject to reclaim under any circumstances. This was not to be done with land in ancient Israel (contrast the final full sale of houses in v. 30; see the evidence cited in B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 174).

[25:23]  ⁶ tn That is, the Israelites were strangers and residents who were attached to the Lord’s household. They did not own the land. Note the parallel to the “priest’s lodger” in Lev 22:10.

[25:35]  ⁷ tn It is not clear to whom this refers. It is probably broader than “sibling” (cf. NRSV “any of your kin”; NLT “any of your Israelite relatives”) but some English versions take it to mean “fellow Israelite” (so TEV; cf. NAB, NIV “countrymen”) and others are ambiguous (cf. CEV “any of your people”).

[25:35]  ⁸ tn Heb “and his hand slips with you.”

[25:35]  ⁹ tn Heb “strengthen”; NASB “sustain.”

[25:35]  ¹⁰ tn The form וָחַי (vakhay, “and shall live”) looks like the adjective “living,” but the MT form is simply the same verb written as a double ayin verb (see HALOT 309 s.v. חיה qal, and GKC 218 §76.i; cf. Lev 18:5).

[25:35]  ¹¹ tn Heb “a foreigner and resident,” which is probably to be combined (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 170-71).

[25:40]  ⁹ tn See the note on Lev 25:6 above.

[25:45]  ¹¹ tn The word “slaves” is not in the Hebrew text, but is implied here.

[25:45]  ¹² tn Heb “family which is” (i.e., singular rather than plural).