Leviticus 23:19-20

23:19 You must also offer ¹  one male goat ²  for a sin offering and two yearling lambs for a peace offering sacrifice, 23:20 and the priest is to wave them – the two lambs ³  – along with the bread of the first fruits, as a wave offering before the Lord; they will be holy to the Lord for the priest.

Leviticus 14:10

The Eighth Day Atonement Rituals

14:10 “On the eighth day he ⁴  must take two flawless male lambs, one flawless yearling female lamb, three-tenths of an ephah of choice wheat flour as a grain offering mixed with olive oil, ⁵  and one log of olive oil, ⁶ 

Leviticus 23:18

23:18 Along with the loaves of bread, ⁷  you must also present seven flawless yearling lambs, ⁸  one young bull, ⁹  and two rams. ¹⁰  They are to be a burnt offering to the Lord along with their grain offering ¹¹  and drink offerings, a gift of a soothing aroma to the Lord. ¹² 

[23:19]  ¹ tn Heb “And you shall make.”

[23:19]  ² tn Heb “a he-goat of goats.”

[23:20]  ³ tn Smr and LXX have the Hebrew article on “lambs.” The syntax of this verse is difficult. The object of the verb (two lambs) is far removed from the verb itself (shall wave) in the MT, and the preposition עַל (’al, “upon”), rendered “along with” in this verse, is also added to the far removed subject (literally, “upon [the] two lambs”; see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 159). It is clear, however, that the two lambs and the loaves (along with their associated grain and drink offerings) constituted the “wave offering,” which served as the prebend “for the priest.” Burnt and sin offerings (vv. 18-19a) were not included in this (see Lev 7:11-14, 28-36).

[14:10]  ⁵ tn The subject “he” probably refers to the formerly diseased person in this case (see the notes on Lev 1:5a, 6a, and 9a).

[14:10]  ⁶ tn This term is often rendered “fine flour,” but it refers specifically to wheat as opposed to barley (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 10) and, although the translation “flour” is used here, it may indicate “grits” rather than finely ground flour (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:179; see the note on Lev 2:1). The unit of measure is most certainly an “ephah” even though it is not stated explicitly (see, e.g., Num 28:5; cf. 15:4, 6, 8), and three-tenths of an ephah would amount to about a gallon, or perhaps one-third of a bushel (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 196; Milgrom, 845). Since the normal amount of flour for a lamb is one-tenth of an ephah (Num 28:4-5; cf. 15:4), three-tenths is about right for the three lambs offered in Lev 14:10-20.

[14:10]  ⁷ tn A “log” (לֹג, log) of oil is about one-sixth of a liter, or one-third of a pint, or two-thirds of a cup.

[23:18]  ⁷ tn Heb “And you shall present on the bread.”

[23:18]  ⁸ tn Heb “seven flawless lambs, sons of a year.”

[23:18]  ⁹ tn Heb “and one bull, a son of a herd.”

[23:18]  ¹⁰ tc Smr and LXX add “flawless.”

[23:18]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and their grain offering.”

[23:18]  ¹² sn See the note on Lev 1:9.