Leviticus 24:16-22

24:16 and one who misuses ¹  the name of the Lord must surely be put to death. The whole congregation must surely stone him, whether he is a foreigner or a native citizen; when he misuses the Name he must be put to death.

24:17 “‘If a man beats any person to death, ²  he must be put to death. 24:18 One who beats an animal to death ³  must make restitution for it, life for life. ⁴  24:19 If a man inflicts an injury on ⁵  his fellow citizen, ⁶  just as he has done it must be done to him – 24:20 fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth – just as he inflicts an injury on another person ⁷  that same injury ⁸  must be inflicted on him. 24:21 One who beats an animal to death ⁹  must make restitution for it, but ¹⁰  one who beats a person to death must be put to death. 24:22 There will be one regulation ¹¹  for you, whether a foreigner or a native citizen, for I am the Lord your God.’”

[24:16]  ¹ sn See the note on v. 11 above.

[24:17]  ² tn Heb “And if a man strikes any soul [נֶפֶשׁ, nefesh] of mankind.” The idiom seems to derive from the idea of striking a fatal blow to the very “life” (literally, “soul”) of a human being, not just landing a blow on their body (HALOT 698 s.v. נכה hif.2). On the difficult of the meaning and significance of the term נֶפֶשׁ see the notes on Lev 17:10-11.

[24:18]  ³ tn Heb “And one who strikes a soul of an animal.”

[24:18]  ⁴ tn Heb “soul under soul.” Cf. KJV “beast for beast”; NCV “must give…another animal to take its place.”

[24:19]  ⁵ tn Heb “gives a flaw in”; KJV, ASV “cause a blemish in.”

[24:19]  ⁶ tn Or “neighbor” (so NAB, NASB, NIV); TEV, NLT “another person.”

[24:20]  ⁷ tn Heb “in the man [אָדָם, ’adam].”

[24:20]  ⁸ tn Heb “just as he inflicts an injury…it must be inflicted on him.” The referent (“that same injury”) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[24:21]  ⁹ sn See the note on v. 18 above.

[24:21]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and,” but here the Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) is adversative, contrasting the consequences of beating an animal to death with those of beating a person to death.

[24:22]  ¹¹ tn Heb “a regulation of one”; KJV, ASV “one manner of law”; NASB “one standard.”