Leviticus 24:21

24:21 One who beats an animal to death ¹  must make restitution for it, but ²  one who beats a person to death must be put to death.

Leviticus 18:23

18:23 You must not have sexual intercourse ³  with any animal to become defiled with it, and a woman must not stand before an animal to have sexual intercourse with it; ⁴  it is a perversion. ⁵ 

Leviticus 24:18

24:18 One who beats an animal to death ⁶  must make restitution for it, life for life. ⁷ 

Leviticus 20:16

20:16 If a woman approaches any animal to have sexual intercourse with it, ⁸  you must kill the woman, and the animal must be put to death; their blood guilt is on themselves.

Leviticus 27:9

Redemption of Vowed Animals

27:9 “‘If what is vowed is a kind of animal from which an offering may be presented ⁹  to the Lord, anything which he gives to the Lord from this kind of animal ¹⁰  will be holy.

Leviticus 27:11

27:11 If what is vowed is an unclean animal from which an offering must not be presented to the Lord, then he must stand the animal before the priest,

Leviticus 5:2

5:2 Or when there is ¹¹  a person who touches anything ceremonially ¹²  unclean, whether the carcass of an unclean wild animal, or the carcass of an unclean domesticated animal, or the carcass of an unclean creeping thing, even if he did not realize it, ¹³  but he himself has become unclean and is guilty; ¹⁴ 

Leviticus 27:10

27:10 He must not replace or exchange it, good for bad or bad for good, and if he does indeed exchange one animal for another animal, then both the original animal ¹⁵  and its substitute will be holy.

[24:21]  ¹ sn See the note on v. 18 above.

[24:21]  ² tn Heb “and,” but here the Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) is adversative, contrasting the consequences of beating an animal to death with those of beating a person to death.

[18:23]  ³ tn See the note on v. 20 above.

[18:23]  ⁴ tn Heb “to copulate with it” (cf. Lev 20:16).

[18:23]  ⁵ tn The Hebrew term תֶּבֶל (tevel, “perversion”) derives from the verb “to mix; to confuse” and therefore refers to illegitimate mixtures of species or violation of the natural order of things.

[24:18]  ⁵ tn Heb “And one who strikes a soul of an animal.”

[24:18]  ⁶ tn Heb “soul under soul.” Cf. KJV “beast for beast”; NCV “must give…another animal to take its place.”

[20:16]  ⁷ tn Heb “to copulate with it” (cf. Lev 20:16).

[27:9]  ⁹ tn Heb “which they may present from it an offering.” The plural active verb is sometimes best rendered in the passive (GKC 460 §144.f, g). Some medieval Hebrew mss, Smr, a ms of the Targum, and the Vulgate all have the singular verb instead (cf. similarly v. 11).

[27:9]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “from it.” The masculine suffix “it” here is used for the feminine in the MT, but one medieval Hebrew ms, some mss of Smr, the LXX, and the Syriac have the feminine. The referent (this kind of animal) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[5:2]  ¹¹ tc The insertion of the words “when there is” is a reflection of the few Hebrew mss, Smr, and LXX that have כִּי (ki, “when, if”; cf. vv. 3 and esp. 4) rather than the MT’s אֲשֶׁר (’asher, “who”). Many English versions render this as a conditional clause (“if”).

[5:2]  ¹² tn The word “ceremonially” has been supplied in the translation to clarify that the uncleanness involved is ritual or ceremonial in nature.

[5:2]  ¹³ tn Heb “and it is hidden from him,” meaning that the person who contracted the ceremonial uncleanness was not aware at the time what had happened, but later found out that he had become ceremonially unclean. This same phrase occurs again in both vv. 3 and 4.

[5:2]  ¹⁴ sn Lev 5:2-3 are parallel laws of uncleanness (contracted from animals and people, respectively), and both seem to assume that the contraction of uncleanness was originally unknown to the person (vv. 2 and 3) but became known to him or her at a later time (v. 3; i.e., “has come to know” in v. 3 is to be assumed for v. 2 as well). Uncleanness itself did not make a person “guilty” unless he or she failed to handle it according to the normal purification regulations (see, e.g., “wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean till evening,” Lev 15:5 NIV; cf. Lev 11:39-40; 15:5-12, 16-24; Num 19, etc.). The problem here in Lev 5:2-3 is that, because the person had not been aware of his or her uncleanness, he or she had incurred guilt for not carrying out these regular procedures, and it would now be too late for that. Thus, the unclean person needs to bring a sin offering to atone for the contamination caused by his or her neglect of the purity regulations.

[27:10]  ¹³ tn Heb “it and its substitute.” The referent (the original animal offered) has been specified in the translation for clarity.