Leviticus 25:21

25:21 I will command my blessing for you in the sixth year so that it may yield ¹  the produce ²  for three years,

Leviticus 12:4

12:4 Then she will remain ³  thirty-three days in blood purity. ⁴  She must not touch anything holy and she must not enter the sanctuary until the days of her purification are fulfilled. ⁵ 

Leviticus 19:23

The Produce of Fruit Trees

19:23 “‘When you enter the land and plant any fruit tree, ⁶  you must consider its fruit to be forbidden. ⁷  Three years it will be forbidden to you; ⁸  it must not be eaten.

Leviticus 27:6

27:6 If the person is one month old up to five years old, the conversion value of the male is five shekels of silver, ⁹  and for the female the conversion value is three shekels of silver.

Leviticus 14:10

The Eighth Day Atonement Rituals

14:10 “On the eighth day he ¹⁰  must take two flawless male lambs, one flawless yearling female lamb, three-tenths of an ephah of choice wheat flour as a grain offering mixed with olive oil, ¹¹  and one log of olive oil, ¹² 

Leviticus 20:14

20:14 If a man has sexual intercourse with both a woman and her mother, ¹³  it is lewdness. ¹⁴  Both he and they must be burned to death, ¹⁵  so there is no lewdness in your midst.

Leviticus 24:5

24:5 “You must take choice wheat flour ¹⁶  and bake twelve loaves; ¹⁷  there must be two tenths of an ephah of flour in ¹⁸  each loaf,

Leviticus 23:17

23:17 From the places where you live you must bring two loaves of ¹⁹  bread for a wave offering; they must be made from two tenths of an ephah of fine wheat flour, baked with yeast, ²⁰  as first fruits to the Lord.

Leviticus 23:13

23:13 along with its grain offering, two tenths of an ephah of ²¹  choice wheat flour ²²  mixed with olive oil, as a gift to the Lord, a soothing aroma, ²³  and its drink offering, one fourth of a hin of wine. ²⁴ 

[25:21]  ¹ tn Heb “and it [i.e., the land] shall make the produce.” The Hebrew term וְעָשָׂת (vÿ’asat, “and it shall make”) is probably an older third feminine singular form of the verb (GKC 210 §75.m). Smr has the normal form.

[25:21]  ² tn Smr and LXX have “its produce” (cf. 25:3, 7, etc.) rather than “the produce.”

[12:4]  ³ tn Heb “sit, dwell” (יָשָׁב, yashav) normally means “to sit, to dwell”), but here it means “to remain, to stay” in the same condition for a period of time (cf., e.g., Gen 24:55).

[12:4]  ⁴ tn Heb “in bloods of purification” or “purifying” or “purity”; NASB “in the blood of her purification”; NRSV “her time of blood purification.” See the following note.

[12:4]  ⁵ tn The initial seven days after the birth of a son were days of blood impurity for the woman as if she were having her menstrual period. Her impurity was contagious during this period, so no one should touch her or even furniture on which she has sat or reclined (Lev 15:19-23), lest they too become impure. Even her husband would become impure for seven days if he had sexual intercourse with her during this time (Lev 15:24; cf. 18:19). The next thirty-three days were either “days of purification, purifying” or “days of purity,” depending on how one understands the abstract noun טֹהֳרָה (toharah, “purification, purity”) in this context. During this time the woman could not touch anything holy or enter the sanctuary, but she was no longer contagious like she had been during the first seven days. She could engage in normal everyday life, including sexual intercourse, without fear of contaminating anyone else (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 73-74; cf. J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:749-50). Thus, in a sense, the thirty-three days were a time of blood “purity” (cf. the present translation) as compared to the previous seven days of blood “impurity,” but they were also a time of blood “purification” (or “purifying”) as compared to the time after the thirty-three days, when the blood atonement had been made and she was pronounced “clean” by the priest (see vv. 6-8 below). In other words, the thirty-three day period was a time of “blood” (flow), but this was “pure blood,” as opposed to the blood of the first seven days.

[19:23]  ⁵ tn Heb “tree of food”; KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV “trees for food.”

[19:23]  ⁶ tn Heb “you shall circumcise its fruit [as] its foreskin,” taking the fruit to be that which is to be removed and, therefore, forbidden. Since the fruit is uncircumcised it is forbidden (see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 306, and esp. B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 131-32).

[19:23]  ⁷ tn Heb “it shall be to you uncircumcised.”

[27:6]  ⁷ tn Heb “five shekels silver.”

[14:10]  ⁹ tn The subject “he” probably refers to the formerly diseased person in this case (see the notes on Lev 1:5a, 6a, and 9a).

[14:10]  ¹⁰ tn This term is often rendered “fine flour,” but it refers specifically to wheat as opposed to barley (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 10) and, although the translation “flour” is used here, it may indicate “grits” rather than finely ground flour (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:179; see the note on Lev 2:1). The unit of measure is most certainly an “ephah” even though it is not stated explicitly (see, e.g., Num 28:5; cf. 15:4, 6, 8), and three-tenths of an ephah would amount to about a gallon, or perhaps one-third of a bushel (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 196; Milgrom, 845). Since the normal amount of flour for a lamb is one-tenth of an ephah (Num 28:4-5; cf. 15:4), three-tenths is about right for the three lambs offered in Lev 14:10-20.

[14:10]  ¹¹ tn A “log” (לֹג, log) of oil is about one-sixth of a liter, or one-third of a pint, or two-thirds of a cup.

[20:14]  ¹¹ tn Heb “And a man who takes a woman and her mother.” The Hebrew verb “to take” in this context means “to engage in sexual intercourse.”

[20:14]  ¹² tn Regarding “lewdness,” see the note on Lev 18:17 above.

[20:14]  ¹³ tn Heb “in fire they shall burn him and them.” The active plural verb sometimes requires a passive translation (GKC 460 §144.f, g), esp. when no active plural subject has been expressed in the context. The present translation specifies “burned to death” because the traditional rendering “burnt with fire” (KJV, ASV; NASB “burned with fire”) could be understood to mean “branded” or otherwise burned, but not fatally.

[24:5]  ¹³ sn See the note on Lev 2:1.

[24:5]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “and bake it twelve loaves”; KJV, NAB, NASB “cakes.”

[24:5]  ¹⁵ tn The words “of flour” are supplied in the translation for clarity.

[23:17]  ¹⁵ tc Smr, LXX, Syriac, Tg. Onq., and Tg. Ps.-J. insert the word חַלּוֹת (khallot, “loaves”; cf. Lev 2:4 and the note there). Even though “loaves” is not explicit in the MT, the number “two” suggests that these are discrete units, not just a measure of flour, so “loaves” should be assumed even in the MT.

[23:17]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “with leaven.” The noun “leaven” is traditional in English versions (cf. KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV), but “yeast” is more commonly used today.

[23:13]  ¹⁷ sn See the note on Lev 5:11.

[23:13]  ¹⁸ sn See the note on Lev 2:1.

[23:13]  ¹⁹ sn See the note on Lev 1:9.

[23:13]  ²⁰ tn Heb “wine, one fourth of the hin.” A pre-exilic hin is about 3.6 liters (= ca. 1 quart), so one fourth of a hin would be about one cup.