Discovery BoxLeviticus 4:17-35
Context4:17 and that priest must dip his finger in the blood 1 and sprinkle 2 some of the blood seven times 3 before the Lord toward 4 the front of the veil-canopy. 5 4:18 He must put some of the blood on the horns of the altar 6 which is before the Lord in the Meeting Tent, and all the rest of the blood he must pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering that is at the entrance of the Meeting Tent.
4:19 “‘Then the priest 7 must take all its fat 8 and offer the fat 9 up in smoke on the altar. 4:20 He must do with the rest of the bull just as he did with the bull of the sin offering; this is what he must do with it. 10 So the priest will make atonement 11 on their behalf and they will be forgiven. 12 4:21 He 13 must bring the rest of the bull outside the camp 14 and burn it just as he burned the first bull – it is the sin offering of the assembly.
4:22 “‘Whenever 15 a leader, by straying unintentionally, 16 sins and violates one of the commandments of the Lord his God which must not be violated, 17 and he pleads guilty, 4:23 or his sin that he committed 18 is made known to him, 19 he must bring a flawless male goat as his offering. 20 4:24 He must lay his hand on the head of the male goat and slaughter 21 it in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered before the Lord – it is a sin offering. 4:25 Then the priest must take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and he must pour out the rest of its blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering. 4:26 Then the priest 22 must offer all of its fat up in smoke on the altar like the fat of the peace offering sacrifice. So the priest will make atonement 23 on his behalf for 24 his sin and he will be forgiven. 25
4:27 “‘If an ordinary individual 26 sins by straying unintentionally 27 when he violates one of the Lord’s commandments which must not be violated, 28 and he pleads guilty 4:28 or his sin that he committed 29 is made known to him, 30 he must bring a flawless female goat 31 as his offering for the sin 32 that he committed. 4:29 He must lay his hand on the head of the sin offering and slaughter 33 the sin offering in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered. 4:30 Then the priest must take some of its blood with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and he must pour out all the rest of its blood at the base of the altar. 4:31 Then he must remove all of its fat (just as fat was removed from the peace offering sacrifice) and the priest must offer it up in smoke on the altar for a soothing aroma to the Lord. So the priest will make atonement 34 on his behalf and he will be forgiven. 35
4:32 “‘But if he brings a sheep as his offering, for a sin offering, he must bring a flawless female. 4:33 He must lay his hand on the head of the sin offering and slaughter it for a sin offering in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered. 4:34 Then the priest must take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and he must pour out all the rest of its blood at the base of the altar. 4:35 Then the one who brought the offering 36 must remove all its fat (just as the fat of the sheep is removed from the peace offering sacrifice) and the priest must offer them up in smoke on the altar on top of the other gifts of the Lord. So the priest will make atonement 37 on his behalf for his sin which he has committed and he will be forgiven. 38
[4:17] 1 tn The words “in the blood” are not repeated in the Hebrew text at this point, but must be supplied in the English translation for clarity.
[4:17] 2 tn The Hebrew verb וְהִזָּה (vÿhizzah, Hiphil of נָזָה, nazah) does indeed mean “sprinkle” or “splatter.” Contrast the different Hebrew verb translated “splash” in Lev 1:5 (זָרָק, zaraq).
[4:17] 3 tc The MT reads literally, “and the priest shall dip his finger from the blood and sprinkle seven times.” This is awkward. Compare v. 6, which has literally, “and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle from the blood seven times.” The MT appears to be corrupt by haplography (i.e., assuming v. 6 to be the correct form, in v. 17 the scribe skipped from “his finger” to “from the blood,” thus missing “in the blood”) and metathesis (i.e., this also resulted in a text where “from the blood” stands before “sprinkle” rather than after it; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 47).
[4:17] 4 tn See the note on v. 6 above.
[4:17] 5 tn See the note on v. 6 above.
[4:18] 6 sn See v. 7, where this altar is identified as the altar of fragrant incense.
[4:19] 7 tn Heb “Then he”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. Based on the parallel statement in 4:10 and 4:31, it is the priest who performs this action rather than the person who brought the offering.
[4:19] 8 tn Heb “take up all its fat from it”; NASB “shall remove all its fat from it.”
[4:19] 9 tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fat) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Only the fat is meant here, since the “rest” of the bull is mentioned in v. 21.
[4:20] 10 sn Cf. Lev 4:11-12 above for the disposition of “the [rest of] the bull.”
[4:20] 11 sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).
[4:20] 12 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to them” or “it shall be forgiven to them.”
[4:21] 13 sn See the note on the word “slaughter” in v. 15.
[4:21] 14 tn Heb “And he shall bring out the bull to from outside to the camp.”
[4:22] 15 tn This section begins with the relative pronoun אֲשֶׁר (’asher) which usually means “who” or “which,” but here means “whenever.”
[4:22] 16 tn See the Lev 4:2 note on “straying.”
[4:22] 17 tn Heb “and does one from all the commandments of the
[4:23] 18 tn Heb “or his sin which he sinned in it is made known to him”; NAB “if he learns of the sin he committed.”
[4:23] 19 tn Lev 4:22b-23a is difficult. The present translation suggests that there are two possible legal situations envisioned, separated by the Hebrew אוֹ (’o, “or”) at the beginning of v. 23. Lev 4:22b refers to any case in which the leader readily admits his guilt (i.e., “pleads guilty”), whereas v. 23a refers to cases where the leader is convicted of his guilt by legal action (“his sin…is made known to him”). See R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:95-96; Lev 4:27-28; and esp. the notes on Lev 5:1 below.
[4:23] 20 tn Heb “a he-goat of goats, a male without defect”; cf. NLT “with no physical defects.”
[4:24] 21 tn The LXX has a plural form here and also for the same verb later in the verse. See the note on Lev 1:5a.
[4:26] 22 tn Heb “Then he”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. Based on the parallel statements in 4:10 and 4:31, it is the priest who performs this action rather than the person who brought the offering.
[4:26] 23 sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).
[4:26] 24 tn Heb “from.” In this phrase the preposition מִן (min) may be referring to the reason or cause (“on account of, because of”; GKC 383 §119.z). As J. E. Hartley (Leviticus [WBC], 47) points out, “from” may refer to the removal of the sin, but is an awkward expression. Hartley also suggests that the phrasing might be “an elliptical expression for יְכַפֵּר עַל־לְטַהֵר אֶת־מִן, ‘he will make expiation for…to cleanse…from…,’ as in 16:30.”
[4:26] 25 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).
[4:27] 26 tn Heb “an individual from the people of the land”; cf. NASB “anyone of the common people” (KJV, ASV both similar); NAB “a private person.”
[4:27] 27 tn Heb “If one person sins by straying, from the people of the land.” See Lev 4:2 for a note on “straying.”
[4:27] 28 tn Heb “by doing it, one from the commandments of the
[4:28] 29 tn Heb “or his sin which he sinned is made known to him”; cf. NCV “when that person learns about his sin.”
[4:28] 30 tn Lev 4:27b-28a is essentially the same as 4:22b-23a (see the notes there).
[4:28] 31 tn Heb “a she-goat of goats, a female without defect”; NAB “an unblemished she-goat.”
[4:28] 32 tn Heb “on his sin.”
[4:29] 33 tc The LXX has a plural form here (see v. 24 above and the note on Lev 1:5a).
[4:31] 34 sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).
[4:31] 35 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).
[4:35] 36 tn Heb “Then he”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. Here “he” refers to the offerer rather than the priest (contrast the clauses before and after).
[4:35] 37 sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).
[4:35] 38 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).
