Leviticus 4:23-24

4:23 or his sin that he committed ¹  is made known to him, ²  he must bring a flawless male goat as his offering. ³  4:24 He must lay his hand on the head of the male goat and slaughter ⁴  it in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered before the Lord – it is a sin offering.

Leviticus 9:3

9:3 Then tell the Israelites: ‘Take a male goat ⁵  for a sin offering and a calf and lamb, both a year old and flawless, ⁶  for a burnt offering,

Leviticus 9:15

The Offerings for the People

9:15 Then he presented the people’s offering. He took the sin offering male goat which was for the people, slaughtered it, and performed a decontamination rite with it ⁷  like the first one. ⁸ 

Leviticus 10:16

The Problem with the Inaugural Sin Offering

10:16 Later Moses sought diligently for the sin offering male goat, ⁹  but it had actually been burnt. ¹⁰  So he became angry at Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron’s remaining sons, saying,

Leviticus 16:10

16:10 but the goat which has been designated by lot for Azazel is to be stood alive ¹¹  before the Lord to make atonement on it by sending it away to Azazel into the wilderness. ¹² 

Leviticus 16:18

16:18 “Then ¹³  he is to go out to the altar which is before the Lord and make atonement for it. He is to take ¹⁴  some of the blood of the bull and some of the blood of the goat, and put it all around on the horns of the altar.

Leviticus 16:20

The Live Goat Ritual Procedures

16:20 “When he has finished purifying the holy place, ¹⁵  the Meeting Tent, and the altar, he is to present the live goat.

Leviticus 16:26

16:26 and the one who sent the goat away to Azazel ¹⁶  must wash his clothes, bathe his body in water, and afterward he may reenter the camp.

Leviticus 17:7

17:7 So they must no longer offer ¹⁷  their sacrifices to the goat demons, ¹⁸  acting like prostitutes by going after them. ¹⁹  This is to be a perpetual statute for them throughout their generations. ²⁰ 

[4:23]  ¹ tn Heb “or his sin which he sinned in it is made known to him”; NAB “if he learns of the sin he committed.”

[4:23]  ² tn Lev 4:22b-23a is difficult. The present translation suggests that there are two possible legal situations envisioned, separated by the Hebrew אוֹ (’o, “or”) at the beginning of v. 23. Lev 4:22b refers to any case in which the leader readily admits his guilt (i.e., “pleads guilty”), whereas v. 23a refers to cases where the leader is convicted of his guilt by legal action (“his sin…is made known to him”). See R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:95-96; Lev 4:27-28; and esp. the notes on Lev 5:1 below.

[4:23]  ³ tn Heb “a he-goat of goats, a male without defect”; cf. NLT “with no physical defects.”

[4:24]  ⁴ tn The LXX has a plural form here and also for the same verb later in the verse. See the note on Lev 1:5a.

[9:3]  ⁷ tn Heb “a he-goat of goats.”

[9:3]  ⁸ tn Heb “and a calf and a lamb, sons of a year, flawless”; KJV, ASV, NRSV “without blemish”; NASB, NIV “without defect”; NLT “with no physical defects.”

[9:15]  ¹⁰ tn The expression “and performed a decontamination rite [with] it” reads literally in the MT, “and decontaminated [with] it.” The verb is the Piel of חטא (kht’, Qal = “to sin”), which means “to decontaminate, purify” (i.e., “to de-sin”; see the note on Lev 8:15).

[9:15]  ¹¹ sn The phrase “like the first one” at the end of the verse refers back to the sin offering for the priests described in vv. 8-11 above. The blood of the sin offering of the common people was applied to the burnt offering altar just like that of the priests.

[10:16]  ¹³ sn This is the very same male goat offered in Lev 9:15 (cf. the note on Lev 10:1 above).

[10:16]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “but behold, it had been burnt” (KJV and NASB both similar).

[16:10]  ¹⁶ tn The LXX has “he shall stand it” (cf. v. 7).

[16:10]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “to make atonement on it to send it away to Azazel toward the wilderness.”

[16:18]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “And.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) indicates the sequence of events here.

[16:18]  ²⁰ tn Heb “And he shall take.”

[16:20]  ²² tn Heb “And he shall finish from atoning the holy place.” In this case, the “holy place” etc. are direct objects of the verb “to atone” (cf. v. 33a below). In this case, therefore, the basic meaning of the verb (i.e., “to purge” or “wipe clean”) comes to the forefront. When the prepositions עַל (’al) or בֲּעַד (ba’ad) occur with the verb כִּפֶּר (kipper) the purging is almost always being done “for” or “on behalf of” priests or people (see the note on Lev 1:4 as well as R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:698, the literature cited there, and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 110, for more details).

[16:26]  ²⁵ tn For “Azazel” see the note on v. 8 above.

[17:7]  ²⁸ tn Heb “sacrifice.” This has been translated as “offer” for stylistic reasons to avoid the redundancy of “sacrifice their sacrifices.”

[17:7]  ²⁹ tn On “goat demons” of the desert regions see the note on Lev 16:8.

[17:7]  ³⁰ tn Heb “which they are committing harlotry after them.”

[17:7]  ³¹ tn Heb “for your generations.”