Leviticus 4:32

4:32 “‘But if he brings a sheep as his offering, for a sin offering, he must bring a flawless female.

Leviticus 23:12

23:12 On the day you wave the sheaf you must also offer ¹  a flawless yearling lamb ²  for a burnt offering to the Lord,

Leviticus 23:19

23:19 You must also offer ³  one male goat ⁴  for a sin offering and two yearling lambs for a peace offering sacrifice,

Leviticus 9:3

9:3 Then tell the Israelites: ‘Take a male goat ⁵  for a sin offering and a calf and lamb, both a year old and flawless, ⁶  for a burnt offering,

Leviticus 14:12

14:12 “The priest is to take one male lamb ⁷  and present it for a guilt offering ⁸  along with the log of olive oil and present them as a wave offering before the Lord. ⁹ 

Leviticus 14:24

14:24 and the priest is to take the male lamb of the guilt offering and the log of olive oil and wave them ¹⁰  as a wave offering before the Lord.

Leviticus 23:20

23:20 and the priest is to wave them – the two lambs ¹¹  – along with the bread of the first fruits, as a wave offering before the Lord; they will be holy to the Lord for the priest.

Leviticus 12:6

12:6 “‘When ¹²  the days of her purification are completed for a son or for a daughter, she must bring a one year old lamb ¹³  for a burnt offering ¹⁴  and a young pigeon or turtledove for a sin offering ¹⁵  to the entrance of the Meeting Tent, to the priest.

Leviticus 14:10

The Eighth Day Atonement Rituals

14:10 “On the eighth day he ¹⁶  must take two flawless male lambs, one flawless yearling female lamb, three-tenths of an ephah of choice wheat flour as a grain offering mixed with olive oil, ¹⁷  and one log of olive oil, ¹⁸ 

Leviticus 14:13

14:13 He must then slaughter ¹⁹  the male lamb in the place where ²⁰  the sin offering ²¹  and the burnt offering ²²  are slaughtered, ²³  in the sanctuary, because, like the sin offering, the guilt offering belongs to the priest; ²⁴  it is most holy.

Leviticus 14:21

The Eighth Day Atonement Rituals for the Poor Person

14:21 “If the person is poor and does not have sufficient means, ²⁵  he must take one male lamb as a guilt offering for a wave offering to make atonement for himself, one-tenth of an ephah of choice wheat flour mixed with olive oil for a grain offering, a log of olive oil, ²⁶ 

Leviticus 14:25

14:25 Then he is to slaughter the male lamb of the guilt offering, and the priest is to take some of the blood of the guilt offering and put it on the right earlobe of the one being cleansed, ²⁷  on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe ²⁸  of his right foot.

Leviticus 23:18

23:18 Along with the loaves of bread, ²⁹  you must also present seven flawless yearling lambs, ³⁰  one young bull, ³¹  and two rams. ³²  They are to be a burnt offering to the Lord along with their grain offering ³³  and drink offerings, a gift of a soothing aroma to the Lord. ³⁴ 

[23:12]  ¹ tn Heb “And you shall make in the day of your waving the sheaf.”

[23:12]  ² tn Heb “a flawless lamb, a son of its year”; KJV “of the first year”; NLT “a year-old male lamb.”

[23:19]  ¹ tn Heb “And you shall make.”

[23:19]  ² tn Heb “a he-goat of goats.”

[9:3]  ¹ tn Heb “a he-goat of goats.”

[9:3]  ² tn Heb “and a calf and a lamb, sons of a year, flawless”; KJV, ASV, NRSV “without blemish”; NASB, NIV “without defect”; NLT “with no physical defects.”

[14:12]  ¹ tn Heb “And the priest shall take the one lamb.”

[14:12]  ² tn See the note on Lev 5:15 above. The primary purpose of the “guilt offering” (אָשָׁם, ’asham) was to “atone” (כִּפֶּר, kipper, “to make atonement,” see v. 18 below and the note on Lev 1:4) for “trespassing” on the Lord’s “holy things,” whether sacred objects or sacred people. It is, therefore, closely associated with the reconsecration of the Lord’s holy people as, for example, here and in the case of the corpse contaminated Nazirite (Num 6:11b-12). Since the nation of Israel was “a kingdom of priests and a holy nation” to the Lord (Exod 19:6; cf. the blood splashed on all the people in Exod 24:8), the skin diseased person was essentially a member of the “holy nation” who had been expelled from the community. Therefore, he or she had been desecrated and the guilt offering was essential to restoring him or her to the community. In fact, the manipulation of blood and oil in the guilt offering ritual procedure for the healed person (see vv. 14-18 below) is reminiscent of that employed for the ordination offering in the consecration of the holy Aaronic priests of the nation (Exod 29:19-21; Lev 8:22-30).

[14:12]  ³ tn Heb “wave them [as] a wave offering before the Lord” (NAB similar). See the note on Lev 7:30 and the literature cited there. Other possible translations include “elevate them [as] an elevation offering before the Lord” (cf. NRSV) or “present them [as] a presentation offering before the Lord.” To be sure, the actual physical “waving” of a male lamb seems unlikely, but some waving gesture may have been performed in the presentation of the offering (cf. also the “waving” of the Levites as a “wave offering” in Num 8:11, etc.).

[14:24]  ¹ tn Heb “and the priest shall wave them.” In the present translation “priest” is not repeated a second time in the verse for stylistic reasons. With regard to the “waving” of the “wave offering,” see the note on v. 12 above.

[23:20]  ¹ tn Smr and LXX have the Hebrew article on “lambs.” The syntax of this verse is difficult. The object of the verb (two lambs) is far removed from the verb itself (shall wave) in the MT, and the preposition עַל (’al, “upon”), rendered “along with” in this verse, is also added to the far removed subject (literally, “upon [the] two lambs”; see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 159). It is clear, however, that the two lambs and the loaves (along with their associated grain and drink offerings) constituted the “wave offering,” which served as the prebend “for the priest.” Burnt and sin offerings (vv. 18-19a) were not included in this (see Lev 7:11-14, 28-36).

[12:6]  ¹ tn Heb “And when” (so KJV, NASB). Many recent English versions leave the conjunction untranslated.

[12:6]  ² tn Heb “a lamb the son of his year”; KJV “a lamb of the first year” (NRSV “in its first year”); NAB “a yearling lamb.”

[12:6]  ³ sn See the note on Lev 1:3 regarding the “burnt offering.”

[12:6]  ⁴ sn See the note on Lev 4:3 regarding the term “sin offering.”

[14:10]  ¹ tn The subject “he” probably refers to the formerly diseased person in this case (see the notes on Lev 1:5a, 6a, and 9a).

[14:10]  ² tn This term is often rendered “fine flour,” but it refers specifically to wheat as opposed to barley (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 10) and, although the translation “flour” is used here, it may indicate “grits” rather than finely ground flour (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:179; see the note on Lev 2:1). The unit of measure is most certainly an “ephah” even though it is not stated explicitly (see, e.g., Num 28:5; cf. 15:4, 6, 8), and three-tenths of an ephah would amount to about a gallon, or perhaps one-third of a bushel (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 196; Milgrom, 845). Since the normal amount of flour for a lamb is one-tenth of an ephah (Num 28:4-5; cf. 15:4), three-tenths is about right for the three lambs offered in Lev 14:10-20.

[14:10]  ³ tn A “log” (לֹג, log) of oil is about one-sixth of a liter, or one-third of a pint, or two-thirds of a cup.

[14:13]  ¹ tn Heb “And he shall slaughter.”

[14:13]  ² tn Heb “in the place which.”

[14:13]  ³ sn See the note on Lev 4:3 regarding the term “sin offering.”

[14:13]  ⁴ sn See the note on Lev 1:3 regarding the “burnt offering.”

[14:13]  ⁵ tn Since the priest himself presents this offering as a wave offering (v. 12), it would seem that the offering is already in his hands and he would, therefore, be the one who slaughtered the male lamb in this instance rather than the offerer. Smr and LXX make the second verb “to slaughter” plural rather than singular, which suggests that it is to be taken as an impersonal passive (see J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:852).

[14:13]  ⁶ tn Heb “the guilt offering, it [is] to the Lord.” Regarding the “guilt offering,” see the note on Lev 5:15.

[14:21]  ¹ tn Heb “and his hand does not reach”; NAB, NRSV “and cannot afford so much (afford these NIV).”

[14:21]  ² tn See the notes on v. 10 above.

[14:25]  ¹ tn Heb “and the priest shall put [literally ‘give’] on the lobe of the ear of the one being cleansed, the right one.”

[14:25]  ² tn The term for “big toe” (בֹּהֶן, bohen) is the same as that for “thumb.” It refers to the larger appendage on either the hand or the foot.

[23:18]  ¹ tn Heb “And you shall present on the bread.”

[23:18]  ² tn Heb “seven flawless lambs, sons of a year.”

[23:18]  ³ tn Heb “and one bull, a son of a herd.”

[23:18]  ⁴ tc Smr and LXX add “flawless.”

[23:18]  ⁵ tn Heb “and their grain offering.”

[23:18]  ⁶ sn See the note on Lev 1:9.