Leviticus 4:35

4:35 Then the one who brought the offering ¹  must remove all its fat (just as the fat of the sheep is removed from the peace offering sacrifice) and the priest must offer them up in smoke on the altar on top of the other gifts of the Lord. So the priest will make atonement ²  on his behalf for his sin which he has committed and he will be forgiven. ³ 

Leviticus 5:6-7

5:6 and he must bring his penalty for guilt ⁴  to the Lord for his sin that he has committed, a female from the flock, whether a female sheep or a female goat, for a sin offering. So the priest will make atonement ⁵  on his behalf for ⁶  his sin.

5:7 “‘If he cannot afford an animal from the flock, ⁷  he must bring his penalty for guilt for his sin that he has committed, ⁸  two turtledoves or two young pigeons, ⁹  to the Lord, one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering.

Leviticus 5:11

5:11 “‘If he cannot afford ¹⁰  two turtledoves or two young pigeons, ¹¹  he must bring as his offering for his sin which he has committed ¹²  a tenth of an ephah ¹³  of choice wheat flour ¹⁴  for a sin offering. He must not place olive oil on it and he must not put frankincense on it, because it is a sin offering.

Leviticus 5:15-16

5:15 “When a person commits a trespass ¹⁵  and sins by straying unintentionally ¹⁶  from the regulations about the Lord’s holy things, ¹⁷  then he must bring his penalty for guilt ¹⁸  to the Lord, a flawless ram from the flock, convertible into silver shekels according to the standard of the sanctuary shekel, ¹⁹  for a guilt offering. ²⁰  5:16 And whatever holy thing he violated ²¹  he must restore and must add one fifth to it and give it to the priest. So the priest will make atonement ²²  on his behalf with the guilt offering ram and he will be forgiven.” ²³ 

Leviticus 6:2

6:2 “When a person sins and commits a trespass ²⁴  against the Lord by deceiving his fellow citizen ²⁵  in regard to something held in trust, or a pledge, or something stolen, or by extorting something from his fellow citizen, ²⁶ 

Leviticus 6:4

6:4 when it happens that he sins and he is found guilty, ²⁷  then he must return whatever he had stolen, or whatever he had extorted, or the thing that he had held in trust, ²⁸  or the lost thing that he had found,

Leviticus 8:15

8:15 and he slaughtered it. ²⁹  Moses then took the blood and put it all around on the horns of the altar with his finger and decontaminated the altar, ³⁰  and he poured out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar and so consecrated it to make atonement on it. ³¹ 

[4:35]  ¹ tn Heb “Then he”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. Here “he” refers to the offerer rather than the priest (contrast the clauses before and after).

[4:35]  ² sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

[4:35]  ³ tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).

[5:6]  ⁴ tn In this context the word for “guilt” (אָשָׁם, ’asham) refers to the “penalty” for incurring guilt, the so-called consequential אָשָׁם (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:303; cf. the note on Lev 5:1).

[5:6]  ⁵ sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

[5:6]  ⁶ tn See the note on 4:26 regarding the use of מִן (min).

[5:7]  ⁷ tn Heb “and if his hand does not reach enough of a flock animal” (see the note on v. 11 below). The term translated “animal from the flock” (שֶׂה, seh) is often translated “lamb” (e.g., KJV, NASB, NIV, NCV) or “sheep” (e.g., NRSV, TEV, NLT), but it clearly includes either a sheep or a goat here (cf. v. 6), referring to the smaller pasture animals as opposed to the larger ones (i.e., cattle; cf. 4:3). Some English versions use the more generic “animal” (e.g., NAB, CEV).

[5:7]  ⁸ tn Heb “and he shall bring his guilt which he sinned,” which is an abbreviated form of Lev 5:6, “and he shall bring his [penalty for] guilt to the Lord for his sin which he committed.” The words “for his sin” have been left out in v. 7, and “to the Lord” has been moved so that it follows the mention of the birds.

[5:7]  ⁹ tn See the note on Lev 1:14 above.

[5:11]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and if his hand does not reach [or is not sufficient] to”; cf. NASB “if his means are insufficient for.” The expression is the same as that in Lev 5:7 above except for the verb: נָשַׂג (nasag, “to collect, to reach, to be sufficient”) is used here, but נָגַע (nagah, “to touch, to reach”) is used in v. 7. Smr has the former in both v. 7 and 11.

[5:11]  ¹¹ tn See the note on Lev 1:14 above (cf. also 5:7).

[5:11]  ¹² tn Heb “and he shall bring his offering which he sinned.” Like the similar expression in v. 7 above (see the note there), this is an abbreviated form of Lev 5:6, “and he shall bring his [penalty for] guilt to the Lord for his sin which he committed.” Here the words “to the Lord for his sin” have been left out, and “his [penalty for] guilt” has been changed to “his offering.”

[5:11]  ¹³ sn A tenth of an ephah would be about 2.3 liters, one day’s ration for a single person (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:306). English versions handle the amount somewhat differently, cf. NCV “about two quarts”; TEV “one kilogramme”; CEV “two pounds.”

[5:11]  ¹⁴ tn See the note on Lev 2:1 above.

[5:15]  ¹³ tn Heb “trespasses a trespass” (verb and direct object from the same Hebrew root, מַעַל, ma’al); cf. NIV “commits a violation.” The word refers to some kind of overstepping of the boundary between that which is common (i.e., available for common use by common people) and that which is holy (i.e., to be used only for holy purposes because it has been consecrated to the Lord, see further below). See the note on Lev 10:10.

[5:15]  ¹⁴ tn See Lev 4:2 above for a note on “straying.”

[5:15]  ¹⁵ sn Heb “from the holy things of the Lord.” The Hebrew expression here has the same structure as Lev 4:2, “from any of the commandments of the Lord.” The latter introduces the sin offering regulations and the former the guilt offering regulations. The sin offering deals with violations of “any of the commandments,” whereas the guilt offering focuses specifically on violations of regulations regarding “holy things” (i.e., things that have been consecrated to the Lord; see the full discussion in J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:320-27).

[5:15]  ¹⁶ tn Here the word for “guilt” (אָשָׁם, ’asham) refers to the “penalty” for incurring guilt, the so-called consequential use of אָשָׁם (’asham; see J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:303).

[5:15]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “in your valuation, silver of shekels, in the shekel of the sanctuary.” The translation offered here suggests that, instead of a ram, the guilt offering could be presented in the form of money (see, e.g., NRSV; J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:326-27). Others still maintain the view that it refers to the value of the ram that was offered (see, e.g., NIV “of the proper value in silver, according to the sanctuary shekel”; also NAB, NLT; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 72-73, 81).

[5:15]  ¹⁸ tn The word for “guilt offering” (sometimes translated “reparation offering”) is the same as “guilt” earlier in the verse (rendered there “[penalty for] guilt”). One can tell which is intended only by the context.

[5:16]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “and which he sinned from the holy thing.”

[5:16]  ¹⁷ sn Regarding “make atonement” see the note on Lev 1:4.

[5:16]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).

[6:2]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “trespasses a trespass” (verb and direct object from the same Hebrew root מַעַל, ma’al). See the note on 5:15.

[6:2]  ²⁰ tn Or “neighbor” (ASV, NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT); NASB “companion”; TEV “a fellow-Israelite.”

[6:2]  ²¹ tn Heb “has extorted his neighbor”; ASV “oppressed”; NRSV “defrauded.”

[6:4]  ²² tn Heb “and it shall happen, when he sins and becomes guilty,” which is both resumptive of the previous (vv. 2-3) and the conclusion to the protasis (cf. “then” introducing the next clause as the apodosis). In this case, “becomes guilty” (cf. NASB, NIV) probably refers to his legal status as one who has been convicted of a crime in court; thus the translation “he is found guilty.” See R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 1:559-61.

[6:4]  ²³ tn Heb “that had been held in trust with him.”

[8:15]  ²⁵ sn Contrary to some English versions (e.g., NAB, NASB, NIV, NLT), Aaron (not Moses) most likely slaughtered the bull, possibly with the help of his sons, although the verb is singular, not plural. Moses then performed the ritual procedures that involved direct contact with the altar. Compare the pattern in Lev 1:5-9, where the offerer does the slaughtering and the priests perform the procedures that involve direct contact with the altar. In Lev 8 Moses is functioning as the priest in order to consecrate the priesthood. The explicit reintroduction of the name of Moses as the subject of the next verb seems to reinforce this understanding of the passage (cf. also vv. 19 and 23 below).

[8:15]  ²⁶ tn The verb is the Piel of חָטָא (khata’, “to sin”) and means “to de-sin” the altar. This verse is important for confirming the main purpose of the sin offering, which was to decontaminate the tabernacle and its furniture from any impurities. See the note on Lev 4:3.

[8:15]  ²⁷ tn Similar to v. 10 above, “and consecrated it” refers to the effect of the blood manipulation earlier in the verse. The goal here was to consecrate the altar in order that it might become a place on which it would be appropriate “to make atonement” before the Lord.