Leviticus 5:1

Additional Sin Offering Regulations

5:1 “‘When a person sins ¹  in that he hears a public curse against one who fails to testify ²  and he is a witness (he either saw or knew what had happened ³ ) and he does not make it known, ⁴  then he will bear his punishment for iniquity. ⁵ 

Leviticus 5:3

5:3 or when he touches human uncleanness with regard to anything by which he can become unclean, ⁶  even if he did not realize it, but he himself has later come to know it and is guilty;

Leviticus 5:7

5:7 “‘If he cannot afford an animal from the flock, ⁷  he must bring his penalty for guilt for his sin that he has committed, ⁸  two turtledoves or two young pigeons, ⁹  to the Lord, one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering.

Leviticus 7:12

7:12 If he presents it on account of thanksgiving, ¹⁰  along with the thank offering sacrifice he must present unleavened loaves mixed with olive oil, unleavened wafers smeared with olive oil, ¹¹  and well soaked ¹²  ring-shaped loaves made of choice wheat flour ¹³  mixed with olive oil.

Leviticus 7:16

7:16 “‘If his offering is a votive or freewill sacrifice, ¹⁴  it may be eaten on the day he presents his sacrifice, and also the leftovers from it may be eaten on the next day, ¹⁵ 

Leviticus 11:40

11:40 One who eats from its carcass must wash his clothes and be unclean until the evening, and whoever carries its carcass must wash his clothes and be unclean until the evening.

Leviticus 15:10

15:10 Anyone who touches anything that was under him ¹⁶  will be unclean until evening, and the one who carries those items ¹⁷  must wash his clothes, bathe in water, and be unclean until evening.

Leviticus 17:10

Prohibition against Eating Blood

17:10 “‘Any man ¹⁸  from the house of Israel or from the foreigners who reside ¹⁹  in their ²⁰  midst who eats any blood, I will set my face against that person who eats the blood, and I will cut him off from the midst of his people, ²¹ 

Leviticus 20:27

Prohibition against Spiritists and Mediums

20:27 “‘A man or woman who ²²  has in them a spirit of the dead or a familiar spirit ²³  must be put to death. They must pelt them with stones; ²⁴  their blood guilt is on themselves.’”

Leviticus 27:8

27:8 If he is too poor to pay the conversion value, he must stand the person before the priest and the priest will establish his conversion value; ²⁵  according to what the man who made the vow can afford, ²⁶  the priest will establish his conversion value.

Leviticus 27:27

27:27 If, however, ²⁷  it is among the unclean animals, he may ransom it according to ²⁸  its conversion value and must add one fifth to it, but if it is not redeemed it must be sold according to its conversion value.

[5:1]  ¹ tn Heb “And a person when he sins.” Most English versions translate this as the protasis of a conditional clause: “if a person sins” (NASB, NIV).

[5:1]  ² tn The words “against one who fails to testify” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied to make sense of the remark about the “curse” (“imprecation” or “oath”; cf. ASV “adjuration”; NIV “public charge”) for the modern reader. For the interpretation of this verse reflected in the present translation see J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:292-97.

[5:1]  ³ tn The words “what had happened” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.

[5:1]  ⁴ tn Heb “and hears a voice of curse, and he is a witness or he saw or he knew, if he does not declare.”

[5:1]  ⁵ tn Heb “and he shall bear his iniquity.” The rendering “bear the punishment (for the iniquity)” reflects the use of the word “iniquity” to refer to the punishment for iniquity (cf. NRSV, NLT “subject to punishment”). It is sometimes referred to as the consequential use of the term (cf. Lev 5:17; 7:18; 10:17; etc.).

[5:3]  ⁶ tn Heb “or if he touches uncleanness of mankind to any of his uncleanness which he becomes unclean in it.”

[5:7]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and if his hand does not reach enough of a flock animal” (see the note on v. 11 below). The term translated “animal from the flock” (שֶׂה, seh) is often translated “lamb” (e.g., KJV, NASB, NIV, NCV) or “sheep” (e.g., NRSV, TEV, NLT), but it clearly includes either a sheep or a goat here (cf. v. 6), referring to the smaller pasture animals as opposed to the larger ones (i.e., cattle; cf. 4:3). Some English versions use the more generic “animal” (e.g., NAB, CEV).

[5:7]  ¹² tn Heb “and he shall bring his guilt which he sinned,” which is an abbreviated form of Lev 5:6, “and he shall bring his [penalty for] guilt to the Lord for his sin which he committed.” The words “for his sin” have been left out in v. 7, and “to the Lord” has been moved so that it follows the mention of the birds.

[5:7]  ¹³ tn See the note on Lev 1:14 above.

[7:12]  ¹⁶ tn Or “for a thank offering.”

[7:12]  ¹⁷ tn See the notes on Lev 2:4.

[7:12]  ¹⁸ tn See the note on Lev 6:21 [6:14 HT].

[7:12]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “choice wheat flour well soaked ring-shaped loaves.” See the note on Lev 2:1.

[7:16]  ²¹ tn For the distinction between votive and freewill offerings see the note on Lev 22:23 and the literature cited there.

[7:16]  ²² tn Heb “and on the next day and the left over from it shall be eaten.”

[15:10]  ²⁶ tn Heb “which shall be under him.” The verb is perhaps a future perfect, “which shall have been.”

[15:10]  ²⁷ tn Heb “them”; the referent (the previously mentioned items which were under the unclean person) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[17:10]  ³¹ tn Heb “And man, man.” The repetition of the word “man” is distributive, meaning “any (or every) man” (GKC 395-96 §123.c; cf. Lev 15:2).

[17:10]  ³² tn Heb “from the sojourner who sojourns.”

[17:10]  ³³ tc The LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate have “your” (plural) rather than “their.”

[17:10]  ³⁴ tn Heb “I will give my faces against [literally “in”] the soul/person/life [נֶפֶשׁ, nefesh, feminine] who eats the blood and I will cut it [i.e., that נֶפֶשׁ, nefesh] off from the midst of its people.” The uses of נֶפֶשׁ in this and the following verse are most significant for the use of animal blood in Israel’s sacrificial system. Unfortunately, it is a most difficult word to translate accurately and consistently, and this presents a major problem for the rendering of these verses (see, e.g., G. J. Wenham, Leviticus [NICOT], 244-45). No matter which translation of נֶפֶשׁ one uses here, it is important to see that both man and animal have נֶפֶשׁ and that this נֶפֶשׁ is identified with the blood. See the further remarks on v. 11 below. On the “cutting off” penalty see the note on v. 4 above. In this instance, God takes it on himself to “cut off” the person (i.e., extirpation).

[20:27]  ³⁶ tc Smr, LXX, Syriac, and some Targum mss have the relative pronoun אֲשֶׁר (’asher, “who, which”), rather than the MT’s כִּי (ki, “for, because, that”).

[20:27]  ³⁷ tn See the note on the phrase “familiar spirit” in Lev 19:31 above.

[20:27]  ³⁸ tn This is not the most frequently-used Hebrew verb for stoning, but a word that refers to the action of throwing, slinging, or pelting someone with stones (see the note on v. 2 above). Smr and LXX have “you [plural] shall pelt them with stones.”

[27:8]  ⁴¹ tn Heb “and the priest shall cause him to be valued.”

[27:8]  ⁴² tn Heb “on the mouth which the hand of the one who vowed reaches.”

[27:27]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “And if.”

[27:27]  ⁴⁷ tn Heb “in” or “by.”