Leviticus 5:6-7

5:6 and he must bring his penalty for guilt ¹  to the Lord for his sin that he has committed, a female from the flock, whether a female sheep or a female goat, for a sin offering. So the priest will make atonement ²  on his behalf for ³  his sin.

5:7 “‘If he cannot afford an animal from the flock, ⁴  he must bring his penalty for guilt for his sin that he has committed, ⁵  two turtledoves or two young pigeons, ⁶  to the Lord, one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering.

Leviticus 5:11

5:11 “‘If he cannot afford ⁷  two turtledoves or two young pigeons, ⁸  he must bring as his offering for his sin which he has committed ⁹  a tenth of an ephah ¹⁰  of choice wheat flour ¹¹  for a sin offering. He must not place olive oil on it and he must not put frankincense on it, because it is a sin offering.

Leviticus 6:5

6:5 or anything about which he swears falsely. ¹²  He must restore it in full ¹³  and add one fifth to it; he must give it to its owner when he is found guilty. ¹⁴ 

Leviticus 12:8

12:8 If she cannot afford a sheep, ¹⁵  then she must take two turtledoves or two young pigeons, ¹⁶  one for a burnt offering and one for a sin offering, and the priest is to make atonement on her behalf, and she will be clean.’” ¹⁷ 

Leviticus 13:30

13:30 the priest is to examine the infection, ¹⁸  and if ¹⁹  it appears to be deeper than the skin ²⁰  and the hair in it is reddish yellow and thin, then the priest is to pronounce the person unclean. ²¹  It is scall, ²²  a disease of the head or the beard. ²³ 

Leviticus 13:55

13:55 The priest must then examine it after the infection has been washed out, and if ²⁴  the infection has not changed its appearance ²⁵  even though the infection has not spread, it is unclean. You must burn it up in the fire. It is a fungus, whether on the back side or front side of the article. ²⁶ 

Leviticus 15:14

15:14 Then on the eighth day he is to take for himself two turtledoves or two young pigeons, ²⁷  and he is to present himself ²⁸  before the Lord at the entrance of the Meeting Tent and give them to the priest,

Leviticus 15:25

15:25 “‘When a woman’s discharge of blood flows ²⁹  many days not at the time of her menstruation, or if it flows beyond the time of her menstruation, ³⁰  all the days of her discharge of impurity will be like the days of her menstruation – she is unclean.

Leviticus 17:13

17:13 “‘Any man from the Israelites ³¹  or from the foreigners who reside ³²  in their ³³  midst who hunts a wild animal ³⁴  or a bird that may be eaten ³⁵  must pour out its blood and cover it with soil,

Leviticus 19:20

Lying with a Slave Woman

19:20 “‘When a man has sexual intercourse with a woman, ³⁶  although she is a slave woman designated for another man and she has not yet been ransomed, or freedom has not been granted to her, there will be an obligation to pay compensation. ³⁷  They must not be put to death, because she was not free.

Leviticus 20:17

20:17 “‘If a man has sexual intercourse with ³⁸  his sister, whether the daughter of his father or his mother, so that he sees her nakedness and she sees his nakedness, it is a disgrace. They must be cut off in the sight of the children of their people. ³⁹  He has exposed his sister’s nakedness; he will bear his punishment for iniquity. ⁴⁰ 

Leviticus 27:10

27:10 He must not replace or exchange it, good for bad or bad for good, and if he does indeed exchange one animal for another animal, then both the original animal ⁴¹  and its substitute will be holy.

[5:6]  ¹ tn In this context the word for “guilt” (אָשָׁם, ’asham) refers to the “penalty” for incurring guilt, the so-called consequential אָשָׁם (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:303; cf. the note on Lev 5:1).

[5:6]  ² sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

[5:6]  ³ tn See the note on 4:26 regarding the use of מִן (min).

[5:7]  ⁴ tn Heb “and if his hand does not reach enough of a flock animal” (see the note on v. 11 below). The term translated “animal from the flock” (שֶׂה, seh) is often translated “lamb” (e.g., KJV, NASB, NIV, NCV) or “sheep” (e.g., NRSV, TEV, NLT), but it clearly includes either a sheep or a goat here (cf. v. 6), referring to the smaller pasture animals as opposed to the larger ones (i.e., cattle; cf. 4:3). Some English versions use the more generic “animal” (e.g., NAB, CEV).

[5:7]  ⁵ tn Heb “and he shall bring his guilt which he sinned,” which is an abbreviated form of Lev 5:6, “and he shall bring his [penalty for] guilt to the Lord for his sin which he committed.” The words “for his sin” have been left out in v. 7, and “to the Lord” has been moved so that it follows the mention of the birds.

[5:7]  ⁶ tn See the note on Lev 1:14 above.

[5:11]  ⁷ tn Heb “and if his hand does not reach [or is not sufficient] to”; cf. NASB “if his means are insufficient for.” The expression is the same as that in Lev 5:7 above except for the verb: נָשַׂג (nasag, “to collect, to reach, to be sufficient”) is used here, but נָגַע (nagah, “to touch, to reach”) is used in v. 7. Smr has the former in both v. 7 and 11.

[5:11]  ⁸ tn See the note on Lev 1:14 above (cf. also 5:7).

[5:11]  ⁹ tn Heb “and he shall bring his offering which he sinned.” Like the similar expression in v. 7 above (see the note there), this is an abbreviated form of Lev 5:6, “and he shall bring his [penalty for] guilt to the Lord for his sin which he committed.” Here the words “to the Lord for his sin” have been left out, and “his [penalty for] guilt” has been changed to “his offering.”

[5:11]  ¹⁰ sn A tenth of an ephah would be about 2.3 liters, one day’s ration for a single person (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:306). English versions handle the amount somewhat differently, cf. NCV “about two quarts”; TEV “one kilogramme”; CEV “two pounds.”

[5:11]  ¹¹ tn See the note on Lev 2:1 above.

[6:5]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “or from all which he swears on it to falsehood.”

[6:5]  ¹¹ tn Heb “in its head.” This refers “the full amount” in terms of the “principal,” the original item or amount obtained illegally (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:338; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 84).

[6:5]  ¹² tn Heb “to whom it is to him he shall give it in the day of his being guilty.” The present translation is based on the view that he has been found guilty through the legal process (see the note on v. 4 above; cf., e.g., TEV and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 33-34). Others translate the latter part as “in the day he offers his guilt [reparation] offering” (e.g., NIV and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 73, 84), or “in the day he realizes his guilt” (e.g., NRSV and J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:319, 338).

[12:8]  ¹³ tn Heb “If her hand cannot find the sufficiency of a sheep.” Many English versions render this as “lamb.”

[12:8]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “from the sons of the pigeon,” referring either to “young pigeons” or “various species of pigeon” (contrast J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:168, with J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 14; cf. Lev 1:14 and esp. 5:7-10).

[12:8]  ¹⁵ tn Or “she will be[come] pure.”

[13:30]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “and the priest shall see the infection.”

[13:30]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “and behold.”

[13:30]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “its appearance is deep ‘from’ (comparative מִן, min, “deeper than”) the skin.”

[13:30]  ¹⁹ tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָמֵא (tame’; cf. the note on v. 3 above).

[13:30]  ²⁰ tn The exact identification of this disease is unknown. Cf. KJV “dry scall”; NASB “a scale”; NIV, NCV, NRSV “an itch”; NLT “a contagious skin disease.” For a discussion of “scall” disease in the hair, which is a crusty scabby disease of the skin under the hair that also affects the hair itself, see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 192-93, and J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:793-94. The Hebrew word rendered “scall” (נֶתֶק, neteq) is related to a verb meaning “to tear; to tear out; to tear apart.” It may derive from the scratching and/or the tearing out of the hair or the scales of the skin in response to the itching sensation caused by the disease.

[13:30]  ²¹ tn Heb “It is scall. It is the disease of the head or the beard.”

[13:55]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV).

[13:55]  ²⁰ tn Heb “the infection has not changed its eye.” Smr has “its/his eyes,” as in vv. 5 and 37, but here it refers to the appearance of the article of cloth or leather, unlike vv. 5 and 37 where there is a preposition attached and it refers to the eyes of the priest.

[13:55]  ²¹ tn The terms “back side” and “front side” are the same as those used in v. 42 for the “back or front bald area” of a man’s head. The exact meaning of these terms when applied to articles of cloth or leather is uncertain. It could refer, for example, to the inside versus the outside of a garment, or the back versus the front side of an article of cloth or leather. See J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:814, for various possibilities.

[15:14]  ²² tn Heb “from the sons of the pigeon,” referring either to “young pigeons” or “various species of pigeon” (contrast J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:168 with J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 14; cf. Lev 1:14 and esp. 5:7-10).

[15:14]  ²³ tc The MT has the Qal form of the verb בּוֹא (bo’) “to come” here, but the LXX (followed generally by the Syriac and Tg. Ps.-J.) reflects the Hiphil form of the same verb, “to bring” as in v. 29 below. In v. 29, however, there is no additional clause “and give them to the priest,” so the Hiphil is necessary in that context while it is not necessary here in v. 14.

[15:25]  ²⁵ tn Heb “And a woman when the flow of her blood flows.”

[15:25]  ²⁶ tn Heb “in not the time of her menstruation or when it flows on her menstruation.”

[17:13]  ²⁸ tc A few medieval Hebrew mss, Smr, and Tg. Ps.-J. have “from the house of Israel” as in vv. 3, 8, and 10, but the LXX agrees with the MT.

[17:13]  ²⁹ tn Heb “from the sojourner who sojourns.”

[17:13]  ³⁰ tc The LXX, Syriac, Vulgate, and certain mss of Smr have “your” (plural) rather than “their” (cf. v. 10 above).

[17:13]  ³¹ tn Heb “[wild] game of animal.”

[17:13]  ³² tn That is, it must be a clean animal, not an unclean animal (cf. Lev 11).

[19:20]  ³¹ tn Heb “And a man when he lies with a woman the lying of seed.”

[19:20]  ³² sn That is, the woman had previously been assigned for marriage to another man but the marriage deal had not yet been consummated. In the meantime, the woman has lost her virginity and has, therefore, lost part of her value to the master in the sale to the man for whom she had been designated. Compensation was, therefore, required (see the explanation in B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 130-31).

[20:17]  ³⁴ tn Heb “takes.” The verb “to take” in this context means “to engage in sexual intercourse,” though some English versions translate it as “marry” (e.g., NIV, NCV, TEV, CEV).

[20:17]  ³⁵ tn Regarding the “cut off” penalty, see the note on Lev 7:20.

[20:17]  ³⁶ tn See the note on Lev 17:16 above.

[27:10]  ³⁷ tn Heb “it and its substitute.” The referent (the original animal offered) has been specified in the translation for clarity.