Luke 10:15

10:15 And you, Capernaum, ¹  will you be exalted to heaven? ²  No, you will be thrown down to Hades! ³ 

Luke 10:18

10:18 So ⁴  he said to them, “I saw ⁵  Satan fall ⁶  like lightning ⁷  from heaven.

Luke 11:16

11:16 Others, to test ⁸  him, ⁹  began asking for ¹⁰  a sign ¹¹  from heaven.

Luke 20:4

20:4 John’s baptism ¹²  – was it from heaven or from people?” ¹³ 

Luke 22:43

22:43 [Then an angel from heaven appeared to him and strengthened him.

[10:15]  ¹ sn Capernaum was a town on the northwest shore of the Sea of Galilee, 680 ft (204 m) below sea level. It was a major trade and economic center in the North Galilean region.

[10:15]  ² tn The interrogative particle introducing this question expects a negative reply.

[10:15]  ³ sn In the OT, Hades was known as Sheol. It is the place where the unrighteous will reside (Matt 11:23; Luke 16:23; Rev 20:13-14).

[10:18]  ⁴ tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate that Jesus’ reply in vv. 18-20 follows from the positive report of the messengers in v. 17.

[10:18]  ⁵ tn This is an imperfect tense verb.

[10:18]  ⁶ tn In Greek, this is a participle and comes at the end of the verse, making it somewhat emphatic.

[10:18]  ⁷ tn This is probably best taken as allusion to Isa 14:12; the phrase in common is ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ (ek tou ouranou). These exorcisms in Jesus’ name are a picture of Satan’s greater defeat at Jesus’ hands (D. L. Bock, Luke [BECNT], 2:1006-7).

[11:16]  ⁷ tn Grk “testing”; the participle is taken as indicating the purpose of the demand.

[11:16]  ⁸ tn The pronoun “him” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.

[11:16]  ⁹ tn Grk “seeking from him.” The imperfect ἐζήτουν (ezhtoun) is taken ingressively. It is also possible to regard it as iterative (“kept on asking”).

[11:16]  ¹⁰ sn What exactly this sign would have been, given what Jesus was already doing, is not clear. But here is where the fence-sitters reside, refusing to commit to him.

[20:4]  ¹⁰ sn John, like Jesus, was not a part of the official rabbinic order. So the question “John’s baptism – was it from heaven or from men?” draws an analogy between John the Baptist and Jesus. See Luke 3:1-20; 7:24-27. The phrase John’s baptism refers to the baptism practiced by John.

[20:4]  ¹¹ tn The plural Greek term ἀνθρώπων (anqrwpwn) is used here (and in v. 6) in a generic sense, referring to both men and women (cf. NAB, NRSV, “of human origin”; TEV, “from human beings”; NLT, “merely human”).